Around Brainscape Flashcards
How many days worth of thyroid hormone is normally stored in the thyroid gland?
100 days
(This is why is takes a long time for acquired hypothyroidism to manifest as symptomatic).
What is the amino acid used to make thyroid hormone?
Tyrosine
What is the catalytic enzyme involved in the oxidation of iodide into iodine, and the binding of iodine to tyrosine in the thyroid?
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
What is the gene most strongly implicated in Hashimoto’s disease?
HLA-DR5
What is the mutation associated with papillary thyroid cancer as well as medullary thyroid carcinoma?
RET proto-oncogene mutation
What is the mutation most commonly associated with follicular thyroid cancer?
RAS proto-oncogene mutation
Which thyroid cancer is most associated with p53 mutation?
Anaplastic thyroid cancer
What is thyroid acropathy a sign of?
Graves’ disease
Is palmar erythema an indication of hypo- or hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism
Which adrenal gland is bigger - left or right?
Left
What are the most common tumors associated with MEN 2b syndrome?
- Pheochromocytomas
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma (usually presenting before age 5)
- Neuroma
- Ganglioneuromas
What are the most common tumors associated with MEN 1 syndrome?
- Pituitary adenoma (GH, prolactin, ACTH)
- Parathyroid hyperplasia
- Pancreatic islet cell tumors (insulinoma or glucagonoma)
- Duodenal tumors
What is the half life of insulin?
5 minutes
What is secreted from the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?
Somatostatin
Which is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes…
Impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance?
Impaired glucose tolerance
