Endocrine University 2015 Flashcards
Ultrasound thyroid in pregnancy - okay or not?
Okay
Where are medullary carcinomas normally located?
- posteriorly
- superiorly
Does air transmit ultrasound well?
No
What’s the frequency for thyroid ultrasound?
7 - 15 Hz
________ frequency gives higher resolution.
Higher
_______ frequency is better depth penetration.
Lower
What is the soft tissue average propagation velocity?
1540
If the thyroid is as dark as the muscles then what pathology is usually present?
Hashimoto’s (hypoechoic)
What is the A-mode?
Amplitude mode
What is the B-mode?
Brightness mode
Halo sign.
Benign or malignant?
Thin halo - benign
Posterior acoustic enhancement behind homogenous solid nodules - what is a name given to this?
White knight
Train tracks on ultrasound are called —?
Edge artefact
What structure causes reverberation artifact?
Cystic areas
What happens if you drop the transducer?
The crystals may break
Gain settings:
For normal visualisation?
Curvelinear
Gain settings:
For deeper structures?
Stair step it
Where are the iodine deficient areas in the world?
Areas of glacial melt
If you see speckling throughout - what is it worrisome for?
Papillary thyroid cancer
IgG4 Related Disease
Features:
- Reidel’s thyroiditis
- fibrosis
- encasement
- retro-peritoneal fibroids
- kidney and eye screening
How many thyroid nodules are malignant?
7 - 14%
What percentage of nodules shrink over time?
15%
On transverse view if a thyroid nodule is taller than wide is that more likely benign or malignant?
Malignant
Blue shift on color Doppler
Moving towards or away?
Moving towards
Red shift on color Doppler.
Moving towards or away?
Away
Which Doppler has a higher sensitivity for detecting flow…
Power or color?
Power
Should you do an iodine scan on a pregnant woman?
No
Which oral hypoglycemic agent causes the most hypoglycemia?
Glyburide
What hormone is DHEA-S dependent on?
ACTH
For normal diurnal rhythm the evening cortisol should be _____ % of the morning cortisol.
50 %
Half the morning cortisol
Which lab value is important for accurate testing of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Suppressed renin
Does anything in the body ‘eat’ aldosterone?
The liver does
Adrenal vein sampling should be done over age _____?
35
What would you expect the aldosterone to be with cosyntropin infusion AVS in a normal person?
~ 500
If concerned about catheters being in the right place with IPSS - what should you measure?
Prolactin
What’s the first criteria for IPSS?
The patient has to have Cushing’s on the day of IPSS.
What happens to creatinine post-op after surgery for primary hyperaldosteronism?
It increases (Primary hyperaldosteronism causes hyper-filteration)
Why do ~25% of women with primary hyperaldosteronism get remission during pregnancy?
Because of high levels of progesterone
Can you do AVS for Cushing’s?
Yes
What is the constant when you do an AVS for Cushing’s?
Epinephrine
