Jacobo Flashcards
Law & section: Refers to activities connected with the management and development of land, as well as the preservation, conservation, and management of the human environment
PD 1308, Section 2
Law & section: The multi-disciplinary art and science of analysing, specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing, and regulating the use and development of land and water resources, in relation to their environs, for the sustainable development of sustainable communities and ecosystems
RA 10587, Section 4
4 basic roles of the state
- Supplier of goods and services
- Regulator and facilitator of the market
- Arbiter between contending social groups
- Social engineer
Definition of urban (old): cities and municipalities in their entirety with population density of ___
1,000 persons per sq km
Definition of urban (old): poblaciones or city/municipality central districts with a population density of ___
500 persons per sq km
Definition of urban (old): poblaciones or central districts regardless of population size with (3)
- Parallel or right-angled streets
- At least 6 establishments
- At least 3 of the ff: public building, church, park, market
Definition of urban (old): barangays with at least ___ inhabitants
1,000 persons
Definition of urban (new): barangay with population size of ___
5,000 persons
Definition of urban (new): barangay has at least ___ establishment/s with ___ employees
1 establishment, 100 employees
Definition of urban (new): barangay with ___ establishments with minimum of ___ employees, and ___ facilities within the ___ radius from the barangay hall
5 establishments, 10 employees, 5 facilities, 2 km radius
All barangays in ___ are automatically classified as urban
NCR
- Concept defined by charter or legal act after specific requirements
- An important permanent settlement possessing characteristics of size, density, heterogeneity, granted a substantial level of self-governance by means of Statute of Charter
City
How an area acquires urban character
Urbanization
Proportion of people in urban vs non-urban areas
Level of Urbanization
Way of life associated with living in cities
Urbanism
Proponent of the Hydraulic Civilization Theory, which is applicable in Asia
Karl Wittfogel
The anti-thesis to totalitarian empires
Greek city-states
The centerpiece and the focus of Greek city-states
Temples, civic spaces
- Pre-occupied with defense (castra)
- Grid-iron design was useful for military movement
Roman imperial cities
- Central concern was survival and security
- Theory: urbanization was due to population pressure
Fortress cities, post-Roman empire
Wrote “The Origin and Evolution of Cities”
Gideon Sjoberg
- Urbanization is a cultural process
- Trade commerce fosters socio-cultural diversity
- Cities brought together specialists, which resulted in innovation and technology
Socio-cultural theory of urbanization
Proponent of the religious model
Paul Wheatley
Cities as religious, ceremonial centres became factor for urbanization
Religious model
Cities as burial complexes for eternal god-kings
Necropolis
- The town grew around the cathedral
- Radio-centric, retained protective walls
Cathedral cities, middle ages
- Age of exploration
- Rise of the merchant class
- Cities as commercial nodes
Port/mercantile cities, renaissance
- Industrial revolution
- Located near coal fields
- Massive rural migration and high pollution
Industrial/manufacturing cities
- Information and communication technology’s impact on spatial organization of activities
- Pre-eminence of highly-skilled, intellectual, creative, imaginative labor force
Post-industrial city, information revolution
The dominant form of the post-industrial city
Extended sprawling metro
Proponent of Cybernetics
Norbert Wiener
Proponent of the Cyclical Process
Brian McLoughlin
Proponent of the Systems Approach
George Chadwick
Proponent of Linear Planning
Allan Wilson
Proponent of Survey-Analysis-Plan
Patrick Geddes
Proponent of Mixed Scanning
Amitai Etzioni
- “Successive limited comparisons”
- Strategic selection of goals; loose framework
Mixed scanning
Proponent of Incremental Planning
Charles Lindbloom
Proponent of Communicative Planning
Jurgen Habermas, and the Frankfurt School of Social Critical Theory
- Planning as transactive, to and fro
- Group interest determined through dialogue
Communicative Planning
Uniform 60-storey apartment-towers with large open spaces in between
Radiant City, by Le Corbusier
The Radiant City was meant for ___ people
3 million
- Authoritarian, inflexible, simplistic
- Standardization was inhuman, socially-destructive
- Design was good for temporary living, and not as permanent residence
Brasilia, Brazil, by Oscar Niemeyer
4 concepts of the New Towns Movement
- Skyscraper City
- Garden City
- Superblocks
- Neighborhood Clusters
Proponent of the Superblocks
Henry Wright
Proponent of Neighborhood Clusters
Clarence Perry
Island of greens, surrounded by homes, bordered by automobile roads
Superblock
A low-rise, pedestrian-oriented residential quarter with schools as centre, boudned by arterial streets, shops at the circumference and junctions, and internal system discourages through-traffic
Neighborhood Unit
Neighborhood Units are meant for ___ persons
6,000 persons
Neighborhood Units: ___ open green spaces
10%
Proponent of the Garden City
Ebenezer Howard
Central City population
58,000
Garden City population
30,000
City Functional Movement prioritized ___ over master planning
Land Use Zoning
First significant case regarding zoning as police power
Village of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty
Proponent of the Linear City
Don Arturo Soria Y Mata
- Linear utility lines as basis of layout
- May run parallel to a river
- Had 5 sectors: railways, production zone, greenbelt, residential/institutional zone, and agricultural zone
Linear City
Movement that rationalizes urban planning in relation to decentralized economic production and transport planning
City Efficient Movement
The science of human settlements integrates economics and physical design
Ekistics
- Reviving the lost art of place-making
- Opposes suburbs and focuses on rebuilding inner-city neighbourhoods around traditions
- Fostering informal human settlements revitalizes the community
- Pedestrianization and mixed-use
New Urbanism/ Neo-Traditionalism
Anti-big city, return to micro identities as a spatial strategy
Eco-Anarchism
Extra-urban
Exurb
Aim is to redevelop outworn, physically deteriorated areas
Urban Renewal, by the US Federal Program
Urban renewal bonds paid by future tax revenues
Tax increment financing
Up-scaling blighted areas to attract business and elite occupants
Gentrification
Father of Town Planning in Europe
Hippodamus of Miletus
Swiss-French architect-planner who was criticized for “planning paradox”
Le Corbusier
Scottish city planner and the Father of Regional Planning
Patrick Geddes
Coined “city-region” and “conurbation,” and the “Folk Work Place” framework
Patrick Geddes
Father of Urban Planning in Canada, who formed the Town Planning Institute of Canada
Thomas Adams
Said that diversity in geographic concentration spurs urban growth and that mixed-use neighbourhoods make vibrant urban communities
Jane Jacobs
Father of American City Planning
Daniel Burnham
Proponent of Broadacre City
Frank Lloyd Wright
Low-density development which proposed to give 1 acre per family
Broadacre City
Co-founded the Regional Planning Association of America
Clarence Stein, H. Wright, and L. Mumford
Father of Historical Sociological Approach to Planning
Lewis Mumford
Said that planning is multi-disciplinary and it should emphasize organic relationship between people and living spaces
Lewis Mumford
The re-planning of London through the dispersal of 1.25 million people to new towns and rural areas
Abercrombie Plan, by Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie
First modern environmental planner who pioneered environmental impact statements and GIS use
Ian McHarg
“Form must also respect the natural environment”
Ian McHarg
Designed Philadephia: rectangular grid system, central park, and neighbourhood park per quadrant
William Penn and Thomas Holme
Redesigned Paris with circular plazas, long wide boulevards, and pocket parks
Baron Haussmann
- American forester, conservationist and regional planner
- Father of the Appalachian Trail
Benton McKaye
- Proponent of Ekistics and ecumenopolis
- Designed Islamabad
- Town Planning Chief of Greater Athens
Konstantinos Doxiadis
A planetwide city; the future urban areas and megalopolises would eventually fuse and there would be a single continuous worldwide city
Ecumenopolis
- Park Commissioner, head of New York City Planning Commission
- Responsible for every parkway, expressway, and public housing in New York Region
Robert Moses
- Designed the Washington D.C. plan
- Forerunner of City Beautiful
Pierre Charles L’ Enfant
- Conservation and Parks Movement
- Designed Central Park with Calvert Vaux
Frederick Law Olmsted
- Forerunner of avant garde 20th century French architects
- Proposed Une Cite Industrielle (linear industrial city)
Tony Garnier
- First to write a comprehensive book on urban and regional planning
- Quantitative, statistical tools to study social phenomenon
Dr. Francis Stuart Chapin, Jr.
- Father of Advocacy Planning
- Public interest is political, not scientific
Paul Davidoff
- American biologist and eco-feminist who sparked environmental movement in US through Silent Spring
- Advocacies led to the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Environmental Impact Assessment system
Rachel Louise Carson
Proponemnt of Human Ecology
Robert Park, of the Chicago School of Urban Sociology
Human ecology: a social group enters an area
Invasion
Human ecology: a former social group is replaced
Succession
Human ecology: sorting out of population groups according to conscious preference, bias, and prejudice
Segregation
Human ecology: diverse groups find peaceful co-existence
Assimilation/ accommodation
Human ecology: distribution of activities, population, and manner which they have focused on the city centre
Concentration
Human ecology: locating away from the central city
Decentralization
Human ecology: neighbourhood declines
Filtering
Human ecology: powerful groups acquire best locations; matter of who can maximize and pay costs
Survival of the fittest
The pull forces of a city
Centripetal
Forces urging rural to city movement
Push Forces
Push forces from the city
Centrifugal
- First stage of urban growth
- Natural resource, tourism
Export specialization
- Second stage of urban growth
- Broadens to other facets of focus
Export complex
- Third stage of urban growth
- Local service sector puberty
- Import substitution
Economic maturation
- Fourth stage of urban growth
- Serves as node to others
Regional metropolis
- Fifth stage of urban growth
National / international metropolis
- Sixth stage of urban growth
- National eminence in specialized skill
Technical/ Professional Virtuosity
Proponent of the Concentric Ring Theory
Ernest W. Burgess
- Accessibility, rent, and densities decrease with distance from city centre; commerical agents that can afford high land values will concentrate at the centre
- Outward pressure as those with higher income pursue better development
Concentric Ring Theory
Concentric Ring Theory: Zone 1
Central business district
Concentric Ring Theory: Zone 2
Zone of transition
Concentric Ring Theory: Zone 3
Blue-collar residential
Concentric Ring Theory: Zone 4
Middle-class residential
Concentric Ring Theory: Zone 5
Commuter residential
- Opposite of Burgess’ s model: poor moving away from city centre, while the rich retain control
- Observed mostly in less developed countries and primarily administrative cities
- Lack of adequate transport system restricts elites to city centre
Inverse Concentric Model
Proponent of the Sector or Radial Model
Homer Hoyt
- High-rent districts shape city land use
- Residential areas grow in wedge shape
- Expands towards trade routes, high ground, waterfronts, transportation, and open space
Sector or Radial Model
Sector Model: center
Central business district
Sector Model: Middle top-bottom wedges and left half-circle
Low-class residential
Sector Model: Left top-bottom wedges
Industry
Sector Model: right wedge from center outwards
High-class residential
Sector Model: right half-circle closest to center
Zone of transition
Sector Model: right larger half-circle
Middle-class residential
Proponents of the Multiple Nuclei Model
Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman
- Related from US gridiron road patterns
- Nuclei acts as growth centres for particular land uses that expand and merge to form a single urban area
- Certain activities cluster for profit, while other repel
Multiple Nuclei Model
Multiple Nuclei Model: center jigsaw puzzle
Central business district
Multiple Nuclei Model: left rectangle, closest to center jigsaw puzzle
Light manufacturing/ zone of transition
Multiple Nuclei Model: three rectangles around the left rectangle closest to center jigsaw puzzle
Low-class residential
Multiple Nuclei Model: blob to the right of the center jigsaw puzzle
Medium-class residential
Multiple Nuclei Model: rightmost blob
High-class residential
Multiple Nuclei Model: small rectangle at the bottom left of one of the three rectangles
Heavy manufacturing
Multiple Nuclei Model: square in the middle of the two blobs
Outlying central business district
Multiple Nuclei Model: isolated square located under the blobs
Residential suburb
Multiple Nuclei Model: isolated square under the rectangles surrounding the center jigsaw puzzle
Industrial suburb
Proponent of the Hybrid Model
Walter Isard
- Combines strengths of the Concentric, Sector, and Zonal models
- Urban land use is overlay of different transportation effects - some oriented along transportation effects, some along transport axis, some in nuclei to reach scale and agglomeration economies
Hybrid Model
Proponent of Concentric Zone Modification
Peter Mann
- Typical British town model
- Main feature is the separated commuter village
- Considers prevailing wind from west, and the best residential area is upwind from industrial
Concentric Zone Modification
Proponent of Galactic City
Peirce F. Lewis
- Result of leapfrog development
- Edge cities form in suburbs
- “Doughnut shape,” low-density centre, activity along ring roads resemble galaxy
Galactic City
Proponent of Edge Cities
Joel Garreau
- Fringe cities on alternate CBDs centered on suburban malls, office/techno parks
- “More jobs than bedrooms”
- Functions deconcentrated away from historical central cities
Edge Cities
Evolution of LA Cities: maquiladoras
Industry
Latin American Model: central area
Central business district (the original colonial city)
Latin American Model: vertical area from center to bottom
Spine (the CBD extension down a main boulevard)
Latin American Model: smallest circle around the central area
Zone of maturity (gradually improved self-built housing)
Latin American Model: larger circle around the central area
Zone of accretion (transition zone, modest housing)
Latin American Model: largest circle
Zone of peripheral squatter settlements (refugee camp-like)
Latin American Model: periferia
Older, more permanent in informal housing
Latin American Model: favela
Recent, poor quality informal housing
Urban form stereotype:
- No vivid or memorable image of city
- Low-density development spread evenly over wide tract
- No road hierarchy, transport network is a continuous grid
- Public service provision is expensive
Dispersed sheet
Urban form stereotype:
- Development clustered into relatively small units, separated by a zone of low or zero density
- Clusters equal in importance but can specialize
Galaxy of settlements
- Major centre provides specialized services
- Nodes act as external linkage, captive market, support
Centric and Nodal Form
Nodes are connected by radial/circumferential raods
Radial and Circumferential
Urban form stereotype:
- Concentrated development into one continuous body
- High density activities
- Housing is limited to high-rise or compact dwelling
- Strong visual image for the whole town
Core City
Urban form stereotype: dominant core with secondary centers distributed along main radials, making for a strong visual image
Urban Star (linear/strip development)
Urban form stereotype:
- No single dominant center
- Low density center surrounded by high density area
- Strong visual image due to contrast
Ring
Spatial Planning Theory: Cities structured in a spatially balanced hierarchical system
European market economy just before/after Industrial Revolution
Transportation cost is proportional to distance, and invarant to direction
Friction of Distance
Proponent of the Agricultural Land Rent Theory
Johann Heinrich von Thunen
Spatial Planning Theory:
- Land nearest to market in greatest demand (higher rent, higher value) due to low transport cost
- Production intensity and land use diminishes with distance from market centre
Agricultural Land Rent Theory
Agricultural Land Rent Theory: innermost circle
Central city
Agricultural Land Rent Theory: second circle
Intensive farming
Agricultural Land Rent Theory: third circle
Forestry
Agricultural Land Rent Theory: fourth circle
Extensive field crops
Agricultural Land Rent Theory: fifth circle
Ranching
Agricultural Land Rent Theory: farmers are ___, content with a certain level of productivity
Satisficers
Proponent of the Urban Bid Rent Theory
William Alonso
Spatial Planning Theory:
- Land value is maximum at city centre
- Rent diminishes to offset lower revenue, higher transport, and operating costs
- Different land uses would have different rent gradients
Urban Bid Rent Theory
Proponent of the Central Place Theory
Walter Christaller
Market area served by the central place
Hinterland
Spatial Planning Theory: Systematic pattern of central places evenly spread, surrounded by hexagonally shaped market areas
Central Place Theory
High ranked central place offers all goods and services of ___
Next lower ranked place, plus one or two more
Goods that are inexpensive and frequently purchased
Low-order goods
Goods that are more costly, infrequently purchased, and need a larger population to support
High-order goods
Spatial Planning Theory: Proponent of Range and Threshold
Brian Berry and William Garrison
The minimum effective demand, market needed, or population to support supply
Threshold
The distance customers are willing to travel to obtain goods/services
Market range
Average maximum distance customers are willing to travel to purchase at market price
Range of goods and services
Proponent of the Rank-Size Rule
George Zipf
Formula for rank-size rule
The population of nth settlement is equal to the population of the largest settlement divided by the settlement’s rank
Spatial Planning Theory:
- Applies when there is Urban Primacy
- Considers only service, and not natural resources localization
Rank-Size Rule
- Sub-national territory with known scale and extent
- Refers to a city or central place plus its functionally integrated outlying territories
Region
Linkages:
- Extent of urban influence on non-urban areas
- Dependence on resources
- Production/consumption
Economic linkages
Linkages:
- Transport nodes, utility trunks
- Areas performing sink functions
Infrastructure linkages
Kind of region (main):
Geographical area with a certain functional coherence, interdependence of parts
Functional region
Kind of region (sub):
- Bound by economic linkages, interflows of factors, materials, in/outputs
- Interlinked industrial clusters, districts, zones, ports
Economic region
Kind of region (sub):
- Interdependence and connectedness
Natural region
Kind of region (sub): life flows and species
Bio-region
Kind of region (sub): ecosystems and communities
Eco-region
Kind of region (main): geographical area uniform and homogeneous in terms of related criteria
Formal region
Kind of region (sub): common political authority, administrative boundaries, electoral constituency
Political-administrative region
Kind of region (sub): cities/towns and socio-economically linked/.dependent commuter villages or communities
Urban region
Kind of region: common historical past
Historical region
Kind of region: network of functionally-related areas with high level of connectivity (ICT) and economic inter-flows though not spatially proximate or contiguous
Virtual region
Published manifesto containing region concept and inter-disciplinary planning approach
Survey
Wrote “The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning”
Benton McKaye
- Cross cutting, more encompassing concept
- Treats cities in relation to environs
Regional Planning
Inherently unequal due to geography, natural resources, history, and socio-economics
Regional divergence
Proponent of Growth Pole Theory
Francis Perroux
Spatial agglomeration of related industries with a growing number of propulsive firms which induce growth in surrounding hinterland (economic space)
Growth pole
Dominant economic unit that induces growth in others when it grows or innovates
Propulsive firm/industry
Proponent of Growth Center
Jacques Boudeville
Propulsive urban center of a region, a growth pole in a specific place that is heterogeneous, not specialized, and continuous (geographic space)
Growth center
Inspired the Philippine strategy of “concentrated decentralization,” wherein alternate urban centers serve as counter magnets
Growth Pole Theory
Proponent of the Urban Development Theory
Albert Hirschmann
Development starts in relative few dynamic sectors/geographic location, then is expected to spread
Urban Development Theory
Growth is an unbalanced process, “chain of disequilibrium” created by one firm to another
Center-Periphery Model
Spontaneous inevitable development of backward areas because of pulls in input demand from developed areas
Trickle down effect
Proponent of Cumulative Causation Theory
Gunnar Myrdal
- Market forces create economic disequilibrium, increase regional inequalities if left alone
- Increased demand from expanding economic activity, increasing demand and incomes, spurring second cycle
Cumulative Causation Theory
Attention returns to the core region instead of the neighbouring regions
Backwash
Positive effects initially felt
Spread effects
Linkages: directed towards suppliers
Backward linkage
Linkages: directed towards consumers
Forward linkage
Linkages: firms produce component of a final output (ex. parts of a car)
Vertical linkage
Linkages: firms produce components of a product that are complementary in use (ex. furniture)
Horizontal linkage
Linkages: service cuts through different types of firms
Diagonal linkage
Linkages: services for employees, staff provided by firms/households
Residentiary linkage
Proponent of the Least Cost Approach
Alfred Weber
Focus is on reducing cost of production through transportation, since the best location incurs the lowest transport cost
Least Cost Approach
Proponent of Least Cost Variant
Edgar Hoover
Considers competition, multiple markets, and institutional factors like local taxes, thus focusing computation on the input side
Least Cost Variant
Proponents of the Behavioral Theory of Industrial Location
Ruth Gasson and Allan Richard Pred
- Locational decisions deviate from ideal, based on the intuition of managers and operative values
- “Psychic income”: self-satisfaction, industrial peace, cooperation with community
- Behavioral considerations of space, time, and human behavioral variables
Behavioral Theory of Industrial Location
Proponent of Market Area Analysis
August Losch
- Optimum location is a function of aggregate demand - where there are high profits
- Assumes uniform population densities with constant tastes, no locational interdependence
Market Area Analysis
Proponent of Profit Maximization Approach
Walter Isard and Melvin Greenhut
- The best location is the one with the least cost and revenue location
- Considers locational interdependence between firms, assuming behavioral factors neglected
Profit Maximizing Approach
Proponent of Theory of Manufacturing Production
David Smith
- Revision of Least Cost Approach
- Manufacturing firms benefit from Localization of Economies - declining average cost of firms resulting from economic geographic concentration
- High-order services attract low-order ones
Theory of Manufacturing Production
Proponent of Theory of Competitive Firm
Michael Porter
- Strategy is about structure and rivalry
- Not the size of market, but quality of demand
- High importance of innovation playing a critical role
Theory of Competitive Firm
LGUs are created through two ways
- Law enacted by congress
2. Ordinance by Sangguniang Panlalawigan/Panlungsod
Reclassification of agricultural lands: Highly-Urbanized and Independent Component Cities
15%
Reclassification of agricultural lands: Component Cities, first to third class municipalities
10%
Reclassification of agricultural lands: fourth to sixth class municipalities
5%
Presiding officer of the Sanggunian Panlalawigan
Vice Governor
Presiding officer of the Sangguniang Panlungsod
City Vice Mayor
Presiding officer of the Sangguniang Bayan
Municipal Mayor
Presiding officer of the Sangguniang Barangay
Punong Barangay
Composition of the BAC (4)
- Chairman of appropriation committee
- Representative of the minority party in the Sanggunian
- Treasurer
- Two representatives of NGOs
Candidates for the position of governor, vice-governor, or member of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, or Mayor, vice-mayor, or member of the Sangguinang Panglungsod of HUCs must be at least ___ on election day
23 years old
Candidates for the position of Mayor or vice-mayor of ICCs, component cities, and municipalities must be at least ___ on election day
21 years old
Candidates for the position of member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang Bayan must be at least ___ on election day
18 years old
Candidates for the Sangguniang Kabataan must at least be ___ but not more than ___ on election day
15 years old, 21 years old
Chairs of provincial school board
Governor and division superintendent of schools
Chairs of city school board
City mayor and city superintendent of schools
Chairs of municipal school board
Municipal mayor and district supervisors of schools
Chair and vice chair of provincial health board
Chair: Governor
Vice chair: Provincial health officer
Chair and vice chair of city health board
Chair: City Mayor
Vice chair: City health officer
Chair and vice chair of municipal health board
Chair: Municipal Mayor
Vice chair: Municipal health officer
Composition of Barangay Development Council
- Members of Sangguniang Barangay
- NGO representatives (1/4 of council)
- Congressman’s representative
Composition of City/Municipal Development Council
- Punong Barangays
- Chairman of the committee of appropriations
- NGO representatives (1/4 of council)
4, Congressman’s representative
Composition of Provincial Development Council
- Mayors
- Chairman of the committee of appropriations
- NGO representatives (1/4 of council)
4, Congressman’s representative
The legal process whereby registered voters of a LGU may directly propose, enact, or amend any ordinance
Local Initiative
The legal process whereby the registered voters of the LGUs may approve, amend, or reject any ordinance enacted bt the Sanggunian
Local Referendum
Municipal waters: ___ from the coastline
15 km
Tax in sand, gravel, and other quarry resources: the province may levy and collect not more than ___ of fair market value
10%
Tax in sand, gravel, and other quarry resources: proceeds of tax distributed to the province
30%
Tax in sand, gravel, and other quarry resources: proceeds of tax distributed to the city/municipality
30%
Tax in sand, gravel, and other quarry resources: proceeds of tax distributed to the barangay
40%
Rates of Levy for province: ___ of the assessed value of real property
1%
Rates of Levy for city or municipality within the Metro Manila area: ___ of the assessed value of real property
2%
Special Education Fund: ___ on the assessed value of real property, and shall be released to ___
1%. local school boards
Idle Land Tax: ___ of the assessed value of the property
5%
Idle Lands (RA 7160): agricultural lands, more than ___ in area, ___ of which remain unimproved
1 hectare, 1/2 remains unimproved
Idle Lands (RA 7160): These 2 shall not be considered idle lands
- Agricultural lands with at least 50 trees to a hectare
2. Lands for grazing purposes
Idle Lands (RA 7160): Lands, other than agricultural, ___ in an area, ___ of which remain unimproved
1,000 sqm, 1/2 remains unimproved
Special benefit levy: ___ of the actual cost, including the costs of acquiring land
60%
Distribution of the proceeds of basic real property tax: provinces
a. Province - 35%
b. Municipality - 40%
c. Barangay - 25%
Distribution of the proceeds of basic real property tax: cities
a. City - 70%
b. Barangay where property is located - 15%
c. Other barangays - 15%
Distribution of the proceeds of basic real property tax: municipalities within Metro Manila
a. MMDA - 35%
b. Municipality - 35%
c. Barangay where property is located - 15%
d. Other barangays - 15%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes: first year of the effectivity of the Code
30%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes: second year of the effectivity of the Code
35%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes: third year of the effectivity of the Code and thereafter
40%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, first round: provinces
23%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, first round: cities
23%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, first round: municipalities
34%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, first round: barangays
20%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, second round: population
50%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, second round: land area
25%
Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, second round: equal sharing
25%
Each LGU shall appropriate in its annual budget ___ of its annual internal revenue allotment for development projects
20%
LGUs shall have a ___ of the gross collection derived by the national government from the preceding fiscal year from taxes, fees, and charges related to use of the national wealth
40%
Refers to an authorization made by ordinance, directing the payment of goods and services from local government funds under specified conditions or for specific purposes
Appropriation
___ of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set aside as the LDRRMF, ___ of which shall be allocated as the Quick Response Fund
5%, 30%
Unexpended LDRRMF shall accrue to a special trust fund solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs within the next ___
5 years
The total appropriations for personal services of a local government unit for one fiscal year shall not exceed ___ in the case of first to third class provinces, cities, and municipalities of the total annual income from regular sources realized in the next preceding fiscal year
45%
The total appropriations for personal services of a local government unit for one fiscal year shall not exceed ___ in the case of fourth class or lower of the total annual income from regular sources realized in the next preceding fiscal year
55%
___ of the general fund of the Barangay shall be set aside for the Sangguniang Kabataan
10%
The total annual appropriations for personal services of a Barangay for 1 fiscal year shall not exceed ___ of the total annual income actually realized from
local sources during the next preceding fiscal year.
55%
Refers to the proposal of one who offers the lowest price, meets all the technical specifications and requirements of the supplies desired and, as a dealer in the line of supplies involved, maintains a regular establishment, and has complied consistently with previous commitments
Lowest Complying and Responsible Bid
Refers to that kind of article which would serve substantially the same purpose or produce substantially the same results as the brand, type, or make of article originally desired or requisitioned
Suitable Substitute
3 sectoral representatives of the Sangguniang Bayan/ Panglungsod/ Panlalawigan
- Women
- Agricultural or industrial workers
- Other sectors
Class A Documents
- PhilGEPS Certificate
- Statement of all its ongoing and completed government and private contracts
- Statement of the consultant specifying its nationality and profession
Class B Document
Joint Venture Agreement
EDS
Eligibility Data Sheet
BDS
Bid Data Sheet
Behavior on the part of officials in the public or private sectors by which they improperly and unlawfully enrich themselves, others, or induce others to do so, by misusing the position in which they are placed, and includes the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of anything of value to influence the action of any such official in the procurement process or in contract execution; entering, on behalf of the GoP, into any contract or transaction manifestly and grossly disadvantageous to the same, whether or not the public officer profited or will profit thereby
Corrupt practice
A misrepresentation of facts in order to influence a procurement process or the execution of a contract to the detriment of the Procuring Entity, and includes collusive practices among Bidders (prior to or after bid submission) designed to establish bid prices at artificial, non-competitive levels and to deprive the Procuring Entity of the benefits of free and open competition
Fraudulent practice`
A scheme or arrangement between two or more Bidders, with or without the knowledge of the Procuring Entity, designed to establish bid prices at artificial, non-competitive levels
Collusive practices
Harming or threatening to harm, directly or indirectly, persons, or their property to influence their participation in a procurement process, or affect the execution of a contract
Coercive practices
Deliberately destroying, falsifying, altering or concealing of evidence material to an administrative proceedings or investigation or making false statements to investigators in order to materially impede an administrative proceedings or investigation of the Procuring Entity or any foreign government/foreign or international financing institution into allegations of a corrupt, fraudulent, coercive or collusive practice; and/or threatening, harassing or intimidating any party to prevent it from disclosing its knowledge of matters relevant to the administrative proceedings or investigation or from pursuing such proceedings or investigation
Obstructive practice
The pre-bid conference shall be held ___ calendar days before the deadline for the submission and receipt of bids, but not earlier than ___ from the determination of the shortlisted consultants.
12 CDs, 7 CDs
The minutes of the pre-bid conference shall be recorded and prepared not later than ___ after the pre-bid conference.
5 CDs
Decisions of the BAC amending any provision of the bidding documents shall be issued in writing through a Supplemental/Bid Bulletin ___ before the deadline for the submission and receipt of bids.
7 CDs
Shortlisted consultants may request for clarification(s) on and/or an interpretation of any part of the Bidding Documents in writing, and must be submitted to the Procuring Entity at the address indicated in the BDS ___ before the deadline set for the submission and receipt of bids
10 CDs
The BAC shall respond to a request for clarification by issuing a Supplemental/Bid Bulletin to be made available to all those who have properly secured the Bidding Documents ___ before the deadline for the submission and receipt of Bids
7 CDs
Bids shall remain valid for the period specified in the BDS which shall not exceed ___ from the date of the opening of bids.
120 CDs
Amount of bid security for form of bid security: Cash or cashier’s/manager’s check issued by a Universal or Commercial Bank
2%
Amount of bid security for form of bid security: Bank draft/guarantee or irrevocable letter of credit issued by a Universal or Commercial Bank
2%
Amount of bid security for form of bid security: Surety bond callable upon demand issued by a surety or insurance company duly certified by the Insurance Commission as authorized to issue such security
5%
The Bid Securing Declaration is an undertaking which states that the bidder shall enter into contract with the Procuring Entity and furnish the performance security required within ___ from receipt of the Notice of Award, and commits to pay the corresponding amount as fine
10 CDs
The entire evaluation process, including the submission of the results thereof to the HoPE for approval, shall be completed in ___ after the deadline for receipt of bids.
21 CDs
The HoPE shall approve or disapprove the recommendations of the BAC regarding the HRB within ___ after receipt of the results of the evaluation from the BAC
2 CDs
The bidding results shall be posted in the PhilGEPS and the website of the Procuring Entity, if available, for a period of ___
7 CDs
Once the contract has been awarded, no replacement shall be allowed until after ___ of the personnel’s man-months have been served
50%
Within a non-extendible period of ___ from receipt by the Consultant of the notice from the BAC that it submitted the Highest Rated Bid, the Consultant shall submit its latest income and business tax returns filed and paid through the BIR Electronic Filing and Payment System (EFPS) and other appropriate licenses and permits required by law and stated in the BDS
5 CDs
Within a period not exceeding ___ from the determination by the BAC of the HRRB and the recommendation to award the contract, the HoPE or his duly authorized representative shall approve or disapprove the said recommendation
15 CDs
The Procuring Entity shall notify the successful Consultant in writing that its bid has been accepted, through a Notice of Award duly received by the Consultant personally or by registered mail or electronically, receipt of which must be confirmed in writing within ___ by the Consultant with the HRRB and submitted personally or sent by registered mail or electronically to the Procuring Entity
2 CDs
Submission of the following documents within ___ from receipt of the Notice of Award: JVA, and if foregin consultant, PhilGEPS Registration Number and SEC Certificate of Registration
10 CDs
Within ___ from receipt of the Notice of Award, the successful Bidder shall post the required performance security and sign and date the contract and return it to the Procuring Entity
10 CDs
Amount of performance security for form of performance security: Cash or cashier’s/manager’s check issued by a Universal or Commercial Bank
5%
Amount of performance security for form of performance security: Bank draft/guarantee or irrevocable letter of credit issued by a Universal or Commercial Bank
5%
Amount of performance security for form of performance security: Surety bond callable upon demand issued by a surety or insurance company duly certified by the Insurance Commission as authorized to issue such security
30%
Within ___ from the date of approval of the contract by the appropriate government approving authority, the Procuring Entity shall issue the Notice to Proceed together with copies of the approved contract to the successful Consultant.
7 CDs
Kind of evaluation procedure: Technical and Financial Scores are combined to determine the winner. ABC is stated and Financial Proposal above this amount are rejected except in the case of WB, no ABC or cost estimate is included in the Bidding Documents except for an estimate of the staff months required to complete the Project
Quality Cost Based Evaluation/Selection (QCBE/QCBS)
Kind of evaluation procedure: The Consultant achieving the highest Technical Score has its Financial Proposal opened and is invited to negotiate a contract based on its Technical and Financial Proposals irrespective of the amount of the Financial Proposal. No other Financial Proposals are opened
Quality Based Selection (QBS)
Kind of evaluation procedure: The Consultant achieving the highest Technical Score has its Financial Proposal opened and provided that it is within the ABC or cost estimate, which is disclosed in the Bidding Documents, is invited to negotiate a contract
Quality Based Evaluation (QBE)
Kind of evaluation procedure: The Consultant achieving the highest Technical Score has its Financial Proposal opened and provided that it is within the ABC or cost estimate, which is disclosed in the Bidding Documents, is invited to negotiate a contract
Selection Under a Fixed Budget
Kind of evaluation procedure: All Consultants passing a minimum Technical Score have their Financial Proposals opened. The Consultant with the least cost is invited to negotiate a contract
Least Cost Selection
Only a maximum of ___ of the Consulting Services may be subcontracted
20%
If the evaluation procedure is Quality Based: The BAC shall, within ___, notify and invite the consultant with the Highest Rated Bid for the opening of financial proposal for the purpose of conducting negotiations with the said consultant.
3 CDs
If the evaluation procedure is Quality-Cost Based: The financial and technical proposals shall be given corresponding weights with the financial proposal given a minimum weight of ___ up to a maximum of ___
Minimum of 15%, maximum of 40%
SCC
Special Conditions of Contract
A Party affected by an event of force majeure shall notify the other Party of such event as soon as possible, and in any event not later than ___ following the occurrence of such event, providing evidence of the nature and cause of such event, and shall similarly give notice of the restoration of normal conditions as soon as possible
15 CDs
The Procuring Entity shall, by written notice of suspension to the Consultant, suspend all payments to the Consultant and shall request the Consultant to remedy such failure within a period not exceeding ___ after receipt by the Consultant of such notice of suspension
30 CDs
The Consultant may suspend the Services if the Procuring Entity fails to perform any of its obligations which are critical to the delivery of the Consultant’s services such as, non-payment of any money due the Consultant within ___ after receiving notice from the Consultant that such payment is overdue.
45 days
The Procuring Entity shall terminate the contract if the Consultant is unable to deliver or perform a material portion of the Outputs and Deliverables for a period of ___ after the Consultant’s receipt of the notice from the Procuring Entity stating that the circumstance of force majeure is deemed to have ceased
60 CDs
In case of termination, written notice shall be understood to mean ___ for short term contracts, i.e., four (4) months or less, and ___ for long term contracts
15 CDs, 30 CDs
The Consultant must serve a written notice to the Procuring Entity of its intention to terminate this Contract at least ___ before its intended termination. This Contract is deemed terminated if no action has been taken by the Procuring Entity with regard to such written notice within ___ after the receipt thereof by the Procuring Entity.
30 CDs
Termination by the Consultant: The Procuring Entity is in material breach of its obligations pursuant to this Contract and has not remedied the same within ___ following its receipt of the Consultant’s notice specifying such breach
60 CDs
Termination by the Consultant: The Procuring Entity fails to pay any money due to the Consultant pursuant to this Contract and not subject to dispute within ___ after receiving written notice from the Consultant that such payment is overdue
84 CDs
Within a period of ___ from receipt of the Notice of Termination, the Consultant shall submit to the HoPE a verified position paper stating why this Contract should not be terminated
7 CDs
Within a non-extendable period of ___ from receipt of the verified position paper, the HoPE shall decide whether or not to terminate this Contract.
10 CDs
Key Personnel and Subconsultants: If the Procuring Entity does not object in writing; or if it objects in writing but fails to state the reasons for such objection, within ___ from the date of receipt of such biographical data, the Key Personnel concerned shall be deemed to have been approved by the Procuring Entity
21 CDs
Key Personnel: Adjustments with respect to the estimated periods of engagement of Key Personnel may be made by the Consultant by prior written notice to the Procuring Entity, provided that such adjustments shall not alter the originally estimated period of engagement of any individual by more than ___
10%
In case of a reduction of the contract value, the Procuring Entity shall allow a proportional reduction in the original performance security, provided that any such reduction is more than ___ and that the aggregate of such reductions is not more than ___ of the original performance security
10%, 50%
The Services shall be deemed completed and finally accepted by the Procuring Entity and the final report and final statement shall be deemed approved by the Procuring Entity as satisfactory ___ after receipt of the final report and final statement by the Procuring Entity
90 CDs
Liquidated damages for delay: maxmimum dedcution
10% of contract price
Multiple Nuclei Model: isolated square in the middle of the other two isolated squares
Commuter belt
NFCC
Net Financial Contracting Capacity
A natural or juridical person, qualified by appropriate education, training and relevant experience to render any or all of the types and fields of consulting services
Consultant
Types of consulting services: These services consist of the review and the provision of advice on particular projects or problems. They also include such services as appearances before commissions, boards or other judicial bodies to give evidence or otherwise submit professional opinions.
Advisory and Review Services
Types of consulting services: These are the studies which normally precede decisions to go (or not to go) forward with specific projects
- By establishing investment priorities and sector policies
- Determining the basic features and the feasibility of individual projects
- Proposing changes in governmental policies, operations and institutions
Pre-Investment or Feasibility Studies
Types of consulting services:
- Establishes the general size and scope of the project and its location on the site
- The preparation of detailed plans, designs,and tender documents required for invitations of bids for construction works and equipment
- Assistance and advice in securing bids and making recommendations on the award of construction contracts, and in preparing formal contract documents
Design
Types of consulting services:
- Inspection and expediting of the work;
- Issuance of instructions for correcting on the work;
- Review and recommendation for approval of progress and final billings of the contractor; and
- Provision of record or as-built drawings of the completed projects.
Construction supervision
Types of consulting services:
- Sector policy and regional development studies;
- Planning, feasibility, market, economic, financial, technical, operations and sociological studies;
- Project management
- General management consultancy
Management and related services
Types of consulting services:
- Institution building
- Design and execution of training programs
- Tasks relating to economic and financial studies
Technical services or special studies
Contingency amount must not exceed ___ of the contract
5%
Domestic preference: The lowest Foregin Bid shall be increased by ___
15%
Kind/s of procured services: Lowest Calculated and Responsive Bid
Goods and Infrastructure Services
Kind/s of procured services: Highest Calculated and Responsive Bid
Consultancy services
The ABC may be adjusted, provided it is not more than ___ of the ABC for the last failed bidding, and the required approval for the increase have been obtained
20%
Method of procurement that involves direct invitation to bid by the procuring entity from a set of pre-selected suppliers or consultants with known experience and proven capability relative to the requirements of a particular contact
Limited source bidding or selective bidding
Method of procurement that does not require elaborate Bidding Documents because the supplier is simply asked to submit a price quotation or a pro-forma invoice together with the conditions of sale, which offer may be accepted immediately or after some negotiations
Direct contracting or single source procurement
Method of procurement that involves direct Procurement of Goods from the previous winning bidder, whenever there is a need to replenish Goods procured under a contract previously awarded through Competitive Bidding
Repeat order
Method of procurement whereby the Procuring Entity simply requests for the submission of price quotations for readily available off-the-shelf Goods or ordinary/regular equipment to be procured directly from suppliers of known qualification
Shopping
Method of Procurement that may be resorted under the extraordinary circumstances, whereby the Procuring Entity directly negotiates a contract with a technically, legally, and financially capable supplier, contractor or consultant
Negotiated procurement
Method of procurement that involves direct invitation to bid by the procuring entity from a set of pre-selected suppliers or consultants with known experience and proven capability relative to the requirements of a particular contact
Limited source bidding or selective bidding
Method of procurement that does not require elaborate Bidding Documents because the supplier is simply asked to submit a price quotation or a pro-forma invoice together with the conditions of sale, which offer may be accepted immediately or after some negotiations
Direct contracting or single source procurement
Method of procurement that involves direct Procurement of Goods from the previous winning bidder, whenever there is a need to replenish Goods procured under a contract previously awarded through Competitive Bidding
Repeat order
Method of procurement whereby the Procuring Entity simply requests for the submission of price quotations for readily available off-the-shelf Goods or ordinary/regular equipment to be procured directly from suppliers of known qualification
Shopping
Method of Procurement that may be resorted under the extraordinary circumstances, whereby the Procuring Entity directly negotiates a contract with a technically, legally, and financially capable supplier, contractor or consultant
Negotiated procurement
Repeat order is only valid ___ after Notice to Proceed from the last order and should not be ___ quantity of original contract
6 months; more than 25%
Shopping is for unforeseen contingency that is ___
Less than 50,000
Protest fee is ___ of ABC
1%
GPPB
Government Procurement Policy Board
Government Procurement Policy Board chair and alt chair
Chair: DBM Secretary
Alt chair: NEDA Director-General
