Intro + RP Flashcards
3 Key elements of planning
- Land/environment
- People
- Resources
“Planning is concerned with providing the right site at the right time, in the right place, for the right people”
John Ratcliffe
3 key actors in planning (threefold image of society)
- Government
- Private sector
- Civil society
7 attributes of the planning process
- Scientific
- Multi-disciplinary
- Comprehensive
- Dynamic
- Iterative
- Participatory
- Time-bound
The desired end-state, long time horizon
Vision
Broad, long-term ends; always related to a community
Goals
Operational reformulation of goals
Objectives
Guide to actions to carry out objectives
Policy
Collection of complementary projects/activities formulated to achieve the functions of a sector
Program
A self-contained unit of investment aimed at developing resources within a time period
Project
Short-term effort by one or several members of a team
Activities
A combination of psychomotor actions leading to the accomplishment of an activity
Tasks
An element or subsystem of a whole having coherent functions
Sector
Long-range, top-down, physical kind of planning
Static planning / blueprint planning / masterplan approach
Type of planning which makes use of scientific and mathematical tools; “diagnosis before treatment”
Synoptic planning / rational-comprehensive-adaptive planning
Proponent of the survey-analysis-plan
Patrick Geddes
4 classical elements of synoptic planning
- Goal setting
- Identification of policy alternatives
- Evaluation of means vs ends
- Implementation of policy
The only thing permanent is change
Systems view of planning
The communication and control systems in living organisms, machines, and organizations
Cybernetics
Proponent of Cybernetics
Norbert Weiner
Proponent of the Systems Planning Approach
George Chadwick
6 steps of the Systems Planning Approach
- Problem finding
- System description
- System modelling
- System projection
- System synthesis
- System control
The “science of muddling through”; planning becomes a practice of what is feasible politically vs of what is technically effective
Incremental Planning
Proponent of incremental planning
Charles Lindbloom
2 kinds of participatory planning
- Advocacy planning
2. Communicative planning
Type of planning that aims for social justice and pluralism of plans
Advocacy planning
Proponent of the pluralistic view of politics and governance
Paul Davidoff
Proponent of Rules for Radicals
Saul David Alinsky
Proponent of the 8 rungs in the ladder of citizen participation
Sherry Arnstein
Type of planning wherein participation is the central goal
Communicative planning
Type of planning for optimal results; mostly pertains to management
Strategic planning
Proponent of strategic planning
Dr. Henry Mintzberg
RA 10587
Environmental planning act of 2013
Article III, section 14 of RA 10587
No person shall practice or offer to practice environmental planning in the Philippines without a license
Scope of the practice of environmental planning (5)
- Professional services
- Studies
- Curriculum and syllabi development
- Resource person
- Acquisition of regulatory permits
A city or central place and its outlying territories with function integration
Region
3 kinds of regions
- Functional region
- Economic
- Historical
- Formal (political-administrative, urban) - Natural region
- Bio-region
- Eco-region - Virtual region
Difference of bio-regions and eco-regions
Bio-regions: life forms and species
Eco-regions: ecosystems and their communities
Functionally-related areas with high level of connectivity, especially with regards to information and communication technologies
Virtual region
Planning for a sub-national territory with known scale and extent, between national and urban levels
Regional planning
5 aspects of regional planning
- Physical
- Economic
- Social
- Cultural
- Environmental
Regions are inherently unequal; state policies and interventions should temper this
Regional divergence
Proponent of the 6 principles of new towns
Clarence Stein
6 principles of new towns
- Plan simply and comprehensively
- Ample sites for community use
- Factories in places without wasteful transportation of people and goods
- Cars must be parked and stored
- Bring private and public land into relationship
- Arrange for the occupancy of houses
New paradigm of regional planning
The real assets of a region are the people
Proponent of the growth pole theory
Francois Perroux
A spatial agglomeration of related industries which contains a growing number of propulsive firms (economic space)
Growth pole
A dominant economic unit which induces growth in other economic units
Propulsive firm/industry
Proponent of the growth center theory
Jacques R. Boudeville
A propulsive urban center of a region possessing a complex of expanding industries where the agglomeration of activities induces growth (geographic space)
Growth center
A set of expanding industries in an urban area and inducing further development through its zone of influence
Regional growth center
Proponent of the cumulative causation theory
Gunnar Myrdal
Theory stating that growth will not be the same due to market forces
Cumulative causation theory
Attention is at the core region; this widens the economic gap between regions
Backwash effect
Positive effects initially felt at the peripheral regions
Spread effect
The input-output relationships among firms/industries
Linkage
Outputs from an industry is utilized by another firm
Forward linkage
Inputs from an industry is utilized by another firm
Backward linkage
Proponent of the theory of uneven development
Albert Hirschman
Theory stating that development can start only in a relatively few dynamic sectors
Theory of uneven development or the center-down paradigm
Spontaneous process of development of backward areas because of pulls in input demand from developed regions
Trickle-down effect
Proponent of the agropolis
John Friedmann
Proponent of the Center-Periphery Model
John Friedmann
Economic growth would occur through a highly developed and interconnected functional hierarchy of cities and towns
Center-periphery model
4 parts of the periphery of a polarized region
- Upward transitional regions
- Downward transitional regions
- Resource frontiers
- Special problem regions
3 proponents of the Theory of Human Capital
Theodore Schultz, Jacob Mincer, and Gary S. Becker
“Town planning is the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum practicable degree of autonomy, convenience, and beauty”
Lewis Keeble
“Urban and regional planning refers to the scientific, orderly, and aesthetic disposition of land, buildings, resources, facilities, and communication routes, in use and in development, with a view to obviating congestion and securing the maximum practicable degree of economy, efficiency, convenience, sound environment, beauty, health, and well-being in urban and rural communities”
Canadian Institute of Planners
“Urban and regional planning is the unified development of urban communities and their environs and of states, regions, and the nation as a whole, as expressed through determination of the comprehensive arrangement of land uses and land occupancy and their regulation”
American Institute of Certified Planners
An important permanent settlement possessing the characteristics of size, density, and heterogeneity, whose people are granted a substantial level of self-governance
City
The output of the first stage activities in the preparation of a development plan
Concept plan
Series of written statements accompanied by maps, illustrations, and diagrams which describe what the community wants to become and how it wants to develop
Development plan
