Area Flashcards
Master planner of Paris
Baron Haussmann
An urban development tool for the transformation of the public realm into a livable place with a unique identity which makes use of a multi-disciplinary process
Urban design
A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in urban design
Aesthetics
Defines that all parts of the urban elements relate and complement each other. This can be achieved through repetition and rhythm
Harmony
Defines the totality / appearance of the whole urban composition
Beauty
Deals with the arrangement or disposition of urban composition in relation to each other according to a particular sequence
Order
American urban planner who is the author of the “Image of the City”
Kevin Lynch
This book defines the key elements of modern urban design
Image of the City
The ease with which its parts can be recognized and organized in a a coherent pattern; a city with this quality is one whose whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an into an overall pattern
Legibility
Channels along areas where people move through (e.g, streets, walkways, transit lines, rivers, creeks, railroads)
Paths
Medium to large sections of the city, which people identify as places possessed with some common identifying character
Districts
Linear elements that define places; may be boundaries or barriers dividing distinct spaces or elements (e.g, shores, railroad cuts, edges of development, walls)
Edges
Points or strategic spots in a city which people can normally “enter”; the “foci” reference for travel (e.g, junctions, transportation terminals terminals or stations, crossing or convergence convergence of paths, a a street-corner hangout, hangout, an enclosed park or plaza, a district “core”)
Nodes
A micro type of point-reference, usually a defined physical object (e.g, an old heritage structure, a highly visible infrastructure facility, a natural outcrop, etc); some may be distant in location that can be seen from many angles; some may be within the city itself symbolizing a point of reference
Landmarks
- The most influential school of fine arts founded (as the Académie Royale d’Architecture) in Paris in 1671 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, minister of Louis XIV
- To train architects in the latest design techniques so that they could plan wide scale projects within various communities
Ecole des Beaux Arts
The premise of the movement was the idea that beauty could be an effective social control device
City Beautiful Movement
Father of the City Beautiful Movement, and Director of Works of the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago
Daniel Burnham
Notable commissions of Daniel Burnham (6)
- Washington D.C.
- Cleveland
- Manila
- Baguio City
- San Francisco
- Chicago
Recognized as the founder of American landscape architecture and the nation’s foremost parkmaker
Frederick Law Olmsted
Notable commissions of Frederick Law Olmsted (3)
- Prospect Park, Brooklyn
- Central Park, Manhattan
- Lagoon, World’s Columbian Exposition
4 collaborators to craft the Quezon City master plan
- Harry Frost
- Juan Arellano
- A.D. Williams
- William Parson
- Applies to the science of human settlements. It includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design
- The theoretical pioneer of area of development planning
Ekistics
Proponent of Ekistics
Konstantinos Doxiadis
5 elements of human settlements
- Human
- Society
- Nature
- Shell
- Network
Type of economy for human settlements in organic or linear patterns along rivers and coasts
Primarily agricultural
Type of economy for human settlements in mono-centric compact form around the port of waterfront
Mercantile or trading city
Type of economy for human settlements in radial or axial patterns - transport arteries began to radiate from the historic center
Manufacturing city
Type of economy for human settlements in donut form (hollow center) - as businesses abandon city centers and migrate to suburbia
Primarily service economy (tertiary services, business and finance)
Type of economy for human settlements in multi-nodal or multi-centric patterns, appearance of “edge cities” and “techno-poles”
Post-industrial (quaternary and quinary sectors, ICT, pleasure industries)
Sector: service industry, which includes services related to retail, transportation, hotels, sales
Tertiary sector
Sector: involves the services related to the knowledge sector, which includes the demand for the information-based services, intellectual activities and services as research and development (R&D), media, culture, and information and communications technology (ICT)
Quaternary sector
Sector: involves highly paid professionals, research scientists, and government officials. The people are designated with high positions and powers, and those who make important decisions that are especially far-reaching in the world
Quinary sector
The beliefs, values, practices and objects that give a place its own specific character and identity
Cultural heritage
A process that postures existing buildings for new uses while retaining their historic features
Adaptive reuse
Structures dating at least ___ and archival materials dating at least ___ are considered as important cultural property items
50 years, 50 years
A conceptual model for zero-fossil fuel energy use, zero-emission (low-to no-carbon emissions) and zero-waste urban design, which arose in the 1990s, promoting compact energy-efficient urban development –more resilient communities
Green Urbanism
A resource accounting tool that measures how much productive land and sea area (known as biocapacity) a human population requires to produce the resources we consume and absorb our waste, such as CO2 emissions
Ecological footprint
The annual demand on resources exceeds what the Earth can regenerate in a year
Ecological overshoot
How long does it take the earth to regenerate what we use in one year
1 year and 6 months
Phenomenon wherein the city center is warmer than suburbs
Urban Heat Island (UHI)
An urban design movement, which arose in the USA in the early 1980s, promoting walkable, mixed-use neighbourhoodsand transit-oriented development (TOD), seeking to end suburban sprawl and promote community interaction
New urbanism
An area where the dominant land use within ___ from the periphery of the proposed memorial park/ cemetery is neither residential, commercial, industrial nor institutional
100 meters
The memorial park/cemetery must be located on ground where the water table is not higher than ___ below the ground surface
4.50 meters
At least ___ of the saleable area shall be utilized for underground interment in order to retain park-like character of the project
50%
The dimension of the niche/vault must be able to house an urn or receptacle designed to hold at least ___ of cremated human remains
200 cubic inches
A minimum of ___ passageway shall be provided between interment structures if proposed to be in grid design
2.0 meters
