IV E1 Food-borne illnesses Flashcards
what are food borne infections?***
due to ACTIVITY OF LARGE NUMBERS of BACTERIA carried by food INTO THE GI TRACT
what are food intoxications?***
TOXIN formed in the food PRIOR to consumption
what are names of the food intoxications?***
1) staphylococcus aureus
2) clostridium botulinium
3) clostridium perfringens
4) bacillus cereus
what are the name of the food borne infections?***
(all the other ones that aren’t the 4 intoxications)
1) salmonella
2) streptococcus
3) listeria monocytogenes
4) campylobacter jejuni
5) vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus
6) shigella
7) escherichia coli
8) norovirus
onset of staphylococcus aureus**
1-7 hours after ingestion
where is staphylococcus aureus found?
- humans: nose, hands, intestines, cuts, sores
- contaminated surfaces
how can staphylococcus aureus be destroyed?***
NOT by cooking, resists freezing/drying
symptoms of staphylococcus aureus***
N/V, NO fever! (+ pain and diarrhea)
foods affected by staphylococcus aureus**
- **REHEATED FOODS
- meat, poultry, eggs
- milk products
- stuffing/prepared salads
control measure for staphylococcus aureus***
- wash hands
- chill foods quickly
- cool food in shallow pans
is clostridium botulinium aerobic or anaerobic?***
ANAEROBIC
where is clostridium botulinium found?***
SOIL, intestinal tract of HUMANS + ANIMALS (+water, plants)
is ingestion of clostridium botulinium harmful?
NO- but if heat is not adequate in canning, spores produce toxins under anaerobic conditions
symptoms of clostridium botulinium***
- DOUBLE VISION
- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (paralysis)
- SWALLOW, SPEECH, CAN BE FATAL
(+ weakness, fatigue, diarrhea)
where is clostridium botulinium found?*****
1) ANY FOOD GROWN IN OR ON THE GROUND
2) IMPROPERLY CANNED FOODS
3) VACCUM-PACKED (SOUS VIDE) & TIGHTLY WRAPPED FOODS
4) COOKED ROOT VEGETABLES HELD AT WARM TEMPERATURES TOO LONG
5) HONEY (not to infants)
(+ smoked and salted fish)
is clostridium perfringens aerobic or anaerobic?***
ANAEROBIC
where is clostridium perfringens found?***
intestinal tract of MAN & ANIMALS; surfaces of MEAT & POULTRY
what foods does clostridium perfringens affect?***
- IMPROPERLY COOKED AND REHEATED, COOLED SLOWLY AND REHEATED FOODS
- AKA CAFETERIA BUG
- MEATS, SOUPS, GRAVIES, STEWS, CASSEROLES
preventive measures for clostridium perfringens***
- WASH HANDS
+ cool food in shallow pans; proper cooking and reheating procedures (cold below 40F, hot above 140F, heat leftovers to 165F)
where is bacillus cereus found?***
- CEREAL CROPS, GRAINS
- soil, dust
is bacillus cereus aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic- forms spores
onset of bacillus cereus (number)***
QUICK onset: 30 minutes to 6 hours for emetic type (6-15 hours for diarrheal)
bacillus cereus may affect what foods?***
- RICE PRODUCTS (FRIED RICE)
- starchy foods (potatoes, pasta, cheese products)
- food mixtures (casseroles, sauces, puddings, soups, pastries)
where is salmonella found?
- intestinal tract of humans and animals, water soil
symptoms of salmonella***
FEVER
+ N/V, chills, headache
foods that may be affected by salmonella***
- RAW and UNDERCOOKED MEAT and POULTRY
- EGGS, RAW DAIRY
- SEAFOOD
- MELONS
where is streptococcus found?***
intestinal contents of HUMANS and ANIMALS
what is streptococcus caused by?***
POOR HYGIENE, ILL HANDLERS
how is streptococcus destroyed?
cooking
foods that streptococcus may affect?***
- milk, eggs, potato salad
- foods held at room temperature for hours
root cause of streptococcus?***
UNCLEAN HANDS
where is listeria monocytogenes found?
human, animal intestinal tract, unwashed vegetables, fruits, soil, water
listeria monocytogenes grows between what temperatures?***
34-113F
onset of listeria monocytogenes***
2-30 days
is listeria monocytogenes easily destroyed?**
not really- resists freezing, drying, heat
symptoms of listeria monocytogenes***
- may HARM FETUS
- flu-like symptoms, encephalitis, meningitis
foods that may be affected by listeria monocytogenes***
- HOT DOGS, LUNCHEON MEATS, COLD CUTS
- COLESLAW
- RAW MILK, SOFT CHEESE
what bacteria often has URGENT RECALLS?***
listeria monocytogenes
where is campylobacter jejuni found?***
intestinal tract of cattle, sheep, pigs, ESP. poultry!
foods that may be affected by campylobacter jejuni***
raw or undercooked meat or POULTRY
vibrio means?
seafood
what bacteria yields a norovirus?
vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus
foods that may be affected by vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus***
raw or undercooked seafood (shellfish, oysters)
where is shigella found?***
human intestinal tract, WATER POLLUTED by FECES
what foods may be affected by shigella?***
- COLD MIXED SALADS (chicken, tuna, potato)
- raw vegetables, watermelon
control measure for shigella***
WASH HANDS –> caused by UNCLEAN HUMAN HANDS
where is escherichia coli found?
human, animal intestinal tract
onset of escherichia coli? (+ number)***
SLOW onset: 3-8 days after ingestion
how long does escherichia coli last for?***
5-10 days
what conditions can escherichia coli survive in?***
survives in freezing, high acidity; grows in refrigerator temperatures
foods that may be affected by escherichia coli?
- rare or raw ground beef
- uncooked fruits and vegetables
- raw milk, unpasteurized apple juice
norovirus is caused by?***
POOR PERSONAL HYGIENE among infected food handlers
where is norovirus found?***
HUMAN FECES, transmitted through CONTAMINATED WATER, HUMAN CONTACT, vegetables fertilized by manure
what kind of conditions can norovirus survive in??
does not reproduce in humans, but does remain active until after food is eat
how long does norovirus last?***
1-2 days
symptoms of norovirus***
AKA “CRUISE-SHIP ILLNESS”; N/V, diarrhea
foods norovirus may be in?
ready to eat food, manufactured ice cubes
