III F Quality improvement Flashcards
what is a cost/benefit study?***
determines whether the GOAL of INTERVENTION is WORTHWHILE in terms of COST (if the benefits»_space; costs***)
cost/benefit studies vs. cost/effectiveness analysis**
- cost/benefit = “SHOULD WE?”
- cost/effectiveness = HOW TO DO IT
in a cost/benefit analysis, objectives must be?***
CLEAR and QUANTIFIABLE/measurable (i.e. $$$)
cost/benefit analysis: direct benefits examples
- change in diet
- change in functioning of body d/t altered diet
- value of absence of improved food habits (ex: fiber diet, don’t have to buy laxatives)
cost/benefit analysis: indirect benefits examples
saving of physician’s time. reduction in severity of a disease, reduction in LOS
cost/benefit analysis: how to do?
calculate the direct and indirect benefits, calculate total costs of program, calculate benefit/cost ratio
what is a cost/effectiveness analysis?***
WHAT METHOD OF INTERVENTION is the MOST EFFECTIVE
what does a cost/effectiveness analysis compare?***
costs of ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES (or products)
cost/benefit analysis vs. cost/effectiveness analysis - example***
- cost/benefit: “should I use any high fiber formula?” i.e. should we?
- cost/effectiveness: “what high fiber formula to use?” i.e. how to do it
what is an audit?***
formal study that retrospectively monitors performance- DID THE PERFORMANCE MEET THE STANDARDS?
what is total quality management (TQM)?***
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT of processes
three elements of TQM
1) customers/clients - judges of quality
2) culture - environment created
3) counting - measurement of what high quality is
PDCA/PDSA cycle**
plan, do, check, act (plan, do, study, act); problem-solving technique for implementing TQM
what is CQI- continuous quality improvement?***
ideal that SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE CAN ALWAYS IMPROVE
what is Six Sigma?***
LITTLE VARIATION in the process, NEAR-PERFECT results; REMOVE DEFECTS + CAUSES
what is Lean?***
using LESS HUMAN EFFORT, LESS SPACE, LESS CAPITAL, LESS TIME to make products EXACTLY AS THE CUSTOMER WANTS with few defects
improvement processes use criteria…what are criteria?
statements that describe desirable health care processes or outcomes
structure criteria
environmental and personnel factors, policies, budget
process criteria
procedures used, sequence of activities (assessment, documentation in medical record, distribution of food)
outcome criteria***
END RESULT- MEASURABLE result of your intervention
characteristics of criteria
RUMBA: relevant, understandable, measurable, behavioral, achievable
what are indicators? examples?**
monitor and evaluate aspects of patient care and management; example: X% of trays will be delivered within 10 minutes; 0% food poisoning
rate-based indicator***
what happens with the BEST CARE
threshold of a rate-based indicator***
1-99%
example of a rate-based indicator –>
95% of high risk patients are assessed within 24 hours
what is a sentinel event indicator?***
serious event that REQUIRES FURTHER INVESTIGATION each time it occurs; undesirable but UNAVOIDABLE events
threshold of a sentinel event indicator**
NEVER OR ALWAYS, 0 or 100%
JI Q tip: if asked for a sentinel event indicator which one is more serious, choose the one that causes the most harm to the most people –>
—>
what is a threshold for evaluation?
% numbers- level at which a stimulus is strong enough to signal need to respond, then assess why it happened
what are outcome management systems?
evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of an entire process
effectiveness- definition
degree to which an exchange helps to ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES
efficiency- definition
MINIMIZATION OF RESOURCES you must spend to achieve desired level of exchange
what is the goal of a outcome management system?***
goal = IMPROVE QUALITY OF SERVICES OFFERED BY IMPROVING OUTCOMES
