III F Quality improvement

Question 0

what is a cost/benefit study?***

Answer 0

determines whether the GOAL of INTERVENTION is WORTHWHILE in terms of COST (if the benefits&raquo_space; costs***)

Question 1

cost/benefit studies vs. cost/effectiveness analysis**

Answer 1

• cost/benefit = “SHOULD WE?”

- cost/effectiveness = HOW TO DO IT

Question 2

in a cost/benefit analysis, objectives must be?***

Answer 2

CLEAR and QUANTIFIABLE/measurable (i.e. $$$)

Question 3

cost/benefit analysis: direct benefits examples

Answer 3

• change in diet
• change in functioning of body d/t altered diet
• value of absence of improved food habits (ex: fiber diet, don’t have to buy laxatives)

Question 4

cost/benefit analysis: indirect benefits examples

Answer 4

saving of physician’s time. reduction in severity of a disease, reduction in LOS

Question 5

cost/benefit analysis: how to do?

Answer 5

calculate the direct and indirect benefits, calculate total costs of program, calculate benefit/cost ratio

Question 6

what is a cost/effectiveness analysis?***

Answer 6

WHAT METHOD OF INTERVENTION is the MOST EFFECTIVE

Question 7

what does a cost/effectiveness analysis compare?***

Answer 7

costs of ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES (or products)

Question 8

cost/benefit analysis vs. cost/effectiveness analysis - example***

Answer 8

• cost/benefit: “should I use any high fiber formula?” i.e. should we?
• cost/effectiveness: “what high fiber formula to use?” i.e. how to do it

Question 9

what is an audit?***

Answer 9

formal study that retrospectively monitors performance- DID THE PERFORMANCE MEET THE STANDARDS?

Question 10

what is total quality management (TQM)?***

Answer 10

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT of processes

Question 11

three elements of TQM

Answer 11

1) customers/clients - judges of quality
2) culture - environment created
3) counting - measurement of what high quality is

Question 12

PDCA/PDSA cycle**

Answer 12

plan, do, check, act (plan, do, study, act); problem-solving technique for implementing TQM

Question 13

what is CQI- continuous quality improvement?***

Answer 13

ideal that SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE CAN ALWAYS IMPROVE

Question 14

what is Six Sigma?***

Answer 14

LITTLE VARIATION in the process, NEAR-PERFECT results; REMOVE DEFECTS + CAUSES

Question 15

what is Lean?***

Answer 15

using LESS HUMAN EFFORT, LESS SPACE, LESS CAPITAL, LESS TIME to make products EXACTLY AS THE CUSTOMER WANTS with few defects

Question 16

improvement processes use criteria…what are criteria?

Answer 16

statements that describe desirable health care processes or outcomes

Question 17

structure criteria

Answer 17

environmental and personnel factors, policies, budget

Question 18

process criteria

Answer 18

procedures used, sequence of activities (assessment, documentation in medical record, distribution of food)

Question 19

outcome criteria***

Answer 19

END RESULT- MEASURABLE result of your intervention

Question 20

characteristics of criteria

Answer 20

RUMBA: relevant, understandable, measurable, behavioral, achievable

Question 21

what are indicators? examples?**

Answer 21

monitor and evaluate aspects of patient care and management; example: X% of trays will be delivered within 10 minutes; 0% food poisoning

Question 22

rate-based indicator***

Answer 22

what happens with the BEST CARE

Question 23

threshold of a rate-based indicator***

Answer 23

1-99%

Question 24

example of a rate-based indicator –>

Answer 24

95% of high risk patients are assessed within 24 hours

Question 25

what is a sentinel event indicator?***

Answer 25

serious event that REQUIRES FURTHER INVESTIGATION each time it occurs; undesirable but UNAVOIDABLE events

Question 26

threshold of a sentinel event indicator**

Answer 26

NEVER OR ALWAYS, 0 or 100%

Question 27

JI Q tip: if asked for a sentinel event indicator which one is more serious, choose the one that causes the most harm to the most people –>

Answer 27

—>

Question 28

what is a threshold for evaluation?

Answer 28

% numbers- level at which a stimulus is strong enough to signal need to respond, then assess why it happened

Question 29

what are outcome management systems?

Answer 29

evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of an entire process

Question 30

effectiveness- definition

Answer 30

degree to which an exchange helps to ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

Question 31

efficiency- definition

Answer 31

MINIMIZATION OF RESOURCES you must spend to achieve desired level of exchange

Question 32

what is the goal of a outcome management system?***

Answer 32

goal = IMPROVE QUALITY OF SERVICES OFFERED BY IMPROVING OUTCOMES