I H1 Vitamins & Minerals chart- properties Flashcards
what foods do not aid in the absorption of iron?***
eggs, tea, milk, cheese
absorption of non-heme iron is aided by?***
- gastric juice & vitamin C = acidic
- calcium helps if oxalates present
____ & ___ decrease zinc absorption***
phytates and copper
fat soluble vitamins***
A, D, E, K
antioxidants**
vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium
trace minerals***
- iron
- ZINC
- iodine
- fluoride
- copper
- selenium
- manganese
- chromium = ultra-trace
vitamins or minerals involved in PRO metabolism? involved in CHO metabolism?***
- PRO = riboflavin and pyridoxine
- CHO = thiamin (B1)
where is vitamin A stored?
liver
precursor of vitamin A
carotene
toxic level of vitamin A**
10,000 IU
what is nyctalopia? is it reversible? how is it detected?***
night blindness; is reversible; dark adaptation test
what is xeropthalmia? is it reversible?
corneal damage; NOT reversible
what is hyperkeratosis?
dry, scaly skin
what is a provitamin?
a nutrient that is changed into a vitamin…aka carotene is a provitamin changed into vitamin A
where is carotene converted?
intestinal mucosal cells
precursor of vitamin D?
cholesterol
source of vitamin D?***
UV** light
pathway of vitamin D conversion
7 dehydrocholesterol –> D3 cholecalciferol –> D2 ergocalciferol
rickets vs. osteomalacia***
- rickets = soft bones
- osteomalacia = adult rickets
vitamin E is AKA***
tocopherol
one of the LEAST toxic vitamins?***
vitamin E
UL of vitamin E
1000 mg
how and where is vitamin K synthesized?
by bacteria in lower intestinal tract
vitamin K toxicity
does NOT have any symptoms
what does prothrombin do?
aids in blood clotting
B1 is AKA? B2 is AKA?***
- B1 = thiamin
- B2 = riboflavin
when is B1 lost?
as temperature or pH rises
what happens to B1 in acid?
heat stable in acid
where is B2 lost?***
in UV light- therefore, use opaque containers
what is cheilosis?***
cracked lips
what is angular stomatitis?***
mouth corner cracks, sore throat
precursor of niacin?***
tryptophan
precursor of folate?
PABA
B6 is AKA?**
pyridoxine
what is INH - isoniazid?
B6 antagonist
B12 is AKA?***
cyanocobalamin
B12 contains what element?**
cobalt
B12 is bound by ____ in the gastric juice
intrinsic factor
anemia & nutrient***
- folate = megaloblastic, microcytic
- B12 = megaloblastic, macrocytic (rare- usually not diet related)
what is B12 deficiency due to usually?***
NOT diet - pernicious anemia s/p gastrectomy or removal of ileum
vitamin C is AKA***
ascorbic acid
most easily destroyed vitamin?***
vitamin C
vitamin C structure is similar to?***
glucose
vitamin C needs what type of pH?
acid (remember: ascorbic acid)
what is vitamin C destroyed by?
heat, alkaline pH, oxidation
collagen synthesis***
proline –> hydroxyproline –> collagen
aided by vitamin C
how is biotin synthesized?***
by intestinal bacteria
biotin is inactivated by?
avidin = protein in raw egg white
myo-inositol is in plants as?
phytic acid, related to sugar
myo-inositol contains a _______ vitamin-like factor
phosphorous
most abundant mineral in the body is?***
calcium
calcium is regulated by ______ hormone
parathyroid
what aids calcium absorption?
vitamin D, acid, lactose
_________ lowers serum calcium by _____________***
CALCITONIN- INHIBITS BONE RESORPTION
what is tetany?***
stiff muscles
second most abundant mineral in the body?***
phosphorous
phosphorous is part of what compounds?
DNA, RNA, ATP
forms of iron: ***
- food
- absorbable
- stored
- food = ferric
- absorbable = ferrous
- stored = ferritin
iron is a part of what molecule?
Hgb (hemoglobin)
magnesium is a part of what compound?
chlorophyll
where is magnesium stored?
50% in bone, 50% in cells
what increases the need of magnesium?
high PRO, Ca, vitamin D
zinc is a _______ mineral***
TRACE
excess zinc leads to?***
COPPER OR IRON DEFICIENCY
iodine is a part of what molecule?
thyroxine
vegan- potential deficiencies***
MAY BE MORE DEFICIENT IN ZINC THAN B12
copper is attached to?***
PROTEIN
copper is AKA***
ceruloplasmin
selenium cooperates with what vitamin?
vitamin E
chromium absorption enhanced by?
vitamin C, niacin
cobalt exists with what vitamin? stored in?
exists with B12, stored in liver
sulfur is a part of what AA?
cysteine, cystine, methionine
choline is a component of what compound?
lecithin
