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CDR Exam > I H1 Vitamins & Minerals chart- properties > Flashcards

I H1 Vitamins & Minerals chart- properties Flashcards

0
Q

what foods do not aid in the absorption of iron?***

A

eggs, tea, milk, cheese

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1
Q

absorption of non-heme iron is aided by?***

A
  • gastric juice & vitamin C = acidic

- calcium helps if oxalates present

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2
Q

____ & ___ decrease zinc absorption***

A

phytates and copper

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3
Q

fat soluble vitamins***

A

A, D, E, K

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4
Q

antioxidants**

A

vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium

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5
Q

trace minerals***

A
  • iron
  • ZINC
  • iodine
  • fluoride
  • copper
  • selenium
  • manganese
  • chromium = ultra-trace
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6
Q

vitamins or minerals involved in PRO metabolism? involved in CHO metabolism?***

A
  • PRO = riboflavin and pyridoxine

- CHO = thiamin (B1)

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7
Q

where is vitamin A stored?

A

liver

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8
Q

precursor of vitamin A

A

carotene

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9
Q

toxic level of vitamin A**

A

10,000 IU

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10
Q

what is nyctalopia? is it reversible? how is it detected?***

A

night blindness; is reversible; dark adaptation test

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11
Q

what is xeropthalmia? is it reversible?

A

corneal damage; NOT reversible

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12
Q

what is hyperkeratosis?

A

dry, scaly skin

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13
Q

what is a provitamin?

A

a nutrient that is changed into a vitamin…aka carotene is a provitamin changed into vitamin A

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14
Q

where is carotene converted?

A

intestinal mucosal cells

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15
Q

precursor of vitamin D?

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

source of vitamin D?***

A

UV** light

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17
Q

pathway of vitamin D conversion

A

7 dehydrocholesterol –> D3 cholecalciferol –> D2 ergocalciferol

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18
Q

rickets vs. osteomalacia***

A
  • rickets = soft bones

- osteomalacia = adult rickets

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19
Q

vitamin E is AKA***

A

tocopherol

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20
Q

one of the LEAST toxic vitamins?***

A

vitamin E

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21
Q

UL of vitamin E

A

1000 mg

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22
Q

how and where is vitamin K synthesized?

A

by bacteria in lower intestinal tract

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23
Q

vitamin K toxicity

A

does NOT have any symptoms

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24
Q

what does prothrombin do?

A

aids in blood clotting

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25
Q

B1 is AKA? B2 is AKA?***

A
  • B1 = thiamin

- B2 = riboflavin

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26
Q

when is B1 lost?

A

as temperature or pH rises

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27
Q

what happens to B1 in acid?

A

heat stable in acid

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28
Q

where is B2 lost?***

A

in UV light- therefore, use opaque containers

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29
Q

what is cheilosis?***

A

cracked lips

30
Q

what is angular stomatitis?***

A

mouth corner cracks, sore throat

31
Q

precursor of niacin?***

A

tryptophan

32
Q

precursor of folate?

A

PABA

33
Q

B6 is AKA?**

A

pyridoxine

34
Q

what is INH - isoniazid?

A

B6 antagonist

35
Q

B12 is AKA?***

A

cyanocobalamin

36
Q

B12 contains what element?**

A

cobalt

37
Q

B12 is bound by ____ in the gastric juice

A

intrinsic factor

38
Q

anemia & nutrient***

A
  • folate = megaloblastic, microcytic

- B12 = megaloblastic, macrocytic (rare- usually not diet related)

39
Q

what is B12 deficiency due to usually?***

A

NOT diet - pernicious anemia s/p gastrectomy or removal of ileum

40
Q

vitamin C is AKA***

A

ascorbic acid

41
Q

most easily destroyed vitamin?***

A

vitamin C

42
Q

vitamin C structure is similar to?***

A

glucose

43
Q

vitamin C needs what type of pH?

A

acid (remember: ascorbic acid)

44
Q

what is vitamin C destroyed by?

A

heat, alkaline pH, oxidation

45
Q

collagen synthesis***

A

proline –> hydroxyproline –> collagen

aided by vitamin C

46
Q

how is biotin synthesized?***

A

by intestinal bacteria

47
Q

biotin is inactivated by?

A

avidin = protein in raw egg white

48
Q

myo-inositol is in plants as?

A

phytic acid, related to sugar

49
Q

myo-inositol contains a _______ vitamin-like factor

A

phosphorous

50
Q

most abundant mineral in the body is?***

A

calcium

51
Q

calcium is regulated by ______ hormone

A

parathyroid

52
Q

what aids calcium absorption?

A

vitamin D, acid, lactose

53
Q

_________ lowers serum calcium by _____________***

A

CALCITONIN- INHIBITS BONE RESORPTION

54
Q

what is tetany?***

A

stiff muscles

55
Q

second most abundant mineral in the body?***

A

phosphorous

56
Q

phosphorous is part of what compounds?

A

DNA, RNA, ATP

57
Q

forms of iron: ***

  • food
  • absorbable
  • stored
A
  • food = ferric
  • absorbable = ferrous
  • stored = ferritin
58
Q

iron is a part of what molecule?

A

Hgb (hemoglobin)

59
Q

magnesium is a part of what compound?

A

chlorophyll

60
Q

where is magnesium stored?

A

50% in bone, 50% in cells

61
Q

what increases the need of magnesium?

A

high PRO, Ca, vitamin D

62
Q

zinc is a _______ mineral***

A

TRACE

63
Q

excess zinc leads to?***

A

COPPER OR IRON DEFICIENCY

64
Q

iodine is a part of what molecule?

A

thyroxine

65
Q

vegan- potential deficiencies***

A

MAY BE MORE DEFICIENT IN ZINC THAN B12

66
Q

copper is attached to?***

A

PROTEIN

67
Q

copper is AKA***

A

ceruloplasmin

68
Q

selenium cooperates with what vitamin?

A

vitamin E

69
Q

chromium absorption enhanced by?

A

vitamin C, niacin

70
Q

cobalt exists with what vitamin? stored in?

A

exists with B12, stored in liver

71
Q

sulfur is a part of what AA?

A

cysteine, cystine, methionine

72
Q

choline is a component of what compound?

A

lecithin

CDR Exam (34 decks)

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