III C Managerial characteristics, problem solving Flashcards
human skills***
ability to work as a GROUP MEMBER, interpersonal; important at ALL levels, but imperative at LOWER levels
technical skills***
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY; LOWER LEVELS
conceptual skills***
ability to see organization as a WHOLE; importance increases at HIGHER ranks
technical vs. human vs. conceptual skills**
- technical: specific activity, lower levels
- human: working as group member, ALL levels but definitely lower
- conceptual: seeing organization as a whole, higher levels
- *key for the Q is to focus on what level of management it is
managerial role: information***
find and share information (monitor role, disseminator, spokesman)
monitor role
searching for information to be more effective
disseminator
transmits info to subordinates
spokesman
transmits information to people inside and outside
5 ways to make decisions/problem solve***
1) nominal group technique- Delbecq
2) Delphi technique
3) cause and effect (fish) diagram
4) Pareto charts
5) queue
steps of decision-making/problem solving**
1) RECOGNIZE & ANALYZE PROBLEM AND ASSESS***
2) determine workable solutions
3) gather data
4) choose solutions
5) take action
6) follow-up
nominal group technique is by whom?***
Delbecq
decision-making/problem solving: nominal group technique- overview/steps***
modification of brainstorming:
- AUTHORITATIVE LEADER, CONTROLLED INTERACTIONS
- HORSESHOE formation, SILENT generation of ideas
- ROUND ROBIN REPORTING- leader records ideas one at a time
- RANK items in priority order, then vote
decision-making/problem solving: Delphi technique***
- series of WRITTEN interviews
- participants DO NOT MEET
(ex: medical research)
decision-making/problem solving: cause & effect (fish) diagram***
- categorizes related factors to MAKE the INFLUENCE MORE OBSERVABLE
- “WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF THE EFFECTS (RESULTS) YOU ARE SEEKING?”
decision-making/problem solving: Pareto charts***
work on the TALLEST BAR or problem that occurs most frequently
what is the queue or queuing theory?***
develops relationships involved in WAITING IN LINE - snake-like queues
when/where is the queuing theory used?
analyzing flow of customers in a cafeteria
in relation to conflict, what is the manager’s role?***
manage conflict to MINIMIZE HARMFUL aspects and MAXIMIZE BENEFICIAL aspects
conflict resolution methods: dominance and suppression
repress conflict rather than settle it, creates a win-lose situation
examples/types of dominance and suppression conflict-resolution methods
1) forcing
2) smoothing
3) avoidance
4) majority vote
forcing (conflict resolution)***
“I’M THE BOSS”- no argument
smoothing (conflict resolution)***
TRIES TO TALK ONE SIDE INTO GIVING IN; more diplomatic, minimizes extent of disagreement
avoidance (conflict resolution)***
MANAGER AVOIDS taking position, pretends to be UNAWARE or postpones; NO ONE IS SATISFIED
resolve conflict by majority vote (conflict resolution)***
can be EFFECTIVE IF the members think PROCEDURE IS FAIR
compromise - conflict-resolution
finding a middle ground, get some objectives achieved and sacrifices others
compromise (conflict-resolution)- is this a good method?**
can be a WEAK method, does NOT usually lead to a solution that can BEST HELP ORGANIZATION
integrative problem-solving
joint problem-solving situation, parties try to find a solution they can all accept
what is influence?
action that will cause a change in behavior or attitude of another
what is power?
ability to exert influence
reward power***
ability to reward another for carrying out an order; INCENTIVES, PRAISE to reinforce
coercive power***
ability to PUNISH for not carrying out requirements
is coercive power effective in behavior change?***
INEFFECTIVE in motivating behavior change (***punishment….ineffective)
position (legitimate) power***
subordinate acknowledges that the influencer has the right to exert influence due to position/JOB TITLE (ex: title of RDN > dietary host or something like that)
expert power***
belief that influencer has some relevant expertise that the subordinate does not, provides credibility; KNOWLEDGE!
referent power***
PERSONALITY, CHARISMA; based on desire to identify with or imitate the influencer, how well you are liked
types of power: reward vs. coercive vs. position vs. expert vs. referent**
- reward = give incentives, praise
- coercive = punishment, ineffective
- position = job title (position)
- expert = knowledge/expertise
- referent = personality, charisma
managerial attributes that make SUCCESSFUL organizations***
1) BIAS for ACTION - fix it, do it, solve it
2) CLOSE TO YOUR CUSTOMERS - learn from them
3) RISK TAKER - new ways
4) PRODUCTIVITY through PEOPLE- treat with respect
5) HANDS-ON, VALUE-DRIVEN**
management should be _____ & _____ **
hands-on, value-driven, participative; explain value process to employees
SOP***
Standards of Practice in Nutrition Care- KNOWLEDGE!; competent level of nutrition care practice (ex: diabetes care, oncology care, education of dietetics practitioners, etc.)
SOPP***
Standards of Professional Performance- BEHAVIOR!
SOP vs SOPP***
- SOP = knowledge
- SOPP = behavior
legislative branch***
INTRODUCE A LAW, can override executive branch
executive branch***
VETO legislation or SIGN it
judiciary branch***
DISCARD a law (if in violation)
in the stages of the legislative process, where can an RD present views?***
public hearings or earlier planning stages
once a bill is placed in its final form and approved, it is sent to where?
Rules Committee for debate
once sent to the Rules Committee for debate, who does a bill need approval from?**
BOTH Houses (House of Representatives and Senate) and the President
differences between the House and Senate are worked out in…?***
a Joint House-Senate Conference Committee
what does an appropriations bill do?***
must be passed to provide FUNDING/$$$$
what is a federal regulation?
interprets and operates the law, carries force of a law but is easier to change
regulations are written by whom?*****
STAFF MEMBERS of the AGENCIES CHARGED w/ ENFORCING the regulations (agencies examples = FTC, FDA, FCC)
FTC- acronym & what does it regulate?***
Federal Trade Commission- TRADE, food ads, labeling
FDA- acronym & what does it regulate?***
Food and Drug Administration- SAFETY of food products
FCC - acronym & what does it regulate?***
Federal Communications Commission- COMMUNICATIONS, RADIO, TV
what is the Federal Register, what does it do?**
notices of PUBLIC HEARINGS, CHANGES IN USDA FOOD PROGRAMS, proposed and final rules, agency decisions
what is the Congressional Record, what does it do?
information from the floor, NO HEARINGS- lists bill with sponsors and action, issued daily when Congress is in session
what is the Congressional Index, what does it do?
weekly update, identifies bill w/ sponsor and committee
what is advocacy?***
PLEAD CAUSE of a group; aggressive form of action
what is lobbying/
activities aimed at influencing public officials and legislators
