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CDR Exam > II C: Assessment of populations & community needs (+ programs/research surveys) > Flashcards

II C: Assessment of populations & community needs (+ programs/research surveys) Flashcards

0
Q

motivational level affects?

A

attention span

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1
Q

how to teach depends on?

A

NEEDS & READINESS of the learner

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2
Q

high educational level

A

some previous knowledge or basis about topic; oriented

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3
Q

low educational level

A

lacks formal education, may not be verbally oriented; reinforcement of learning and time is helpful

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4
Q

educational readiness: young children, some adults w/o nutrition education- how would you tailor their education?

A

give a THOROUGH background and intro

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5
Q

educational readiness: moderately experienced (teachers, health educators, pt already instructed) - how would you tailor their education?

A

REVIEW of material, reorganize for better use; move to more COMPLICATED concepts

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6
Q

educational readiness: very experienced (nutrition experts)- how would you tailor their education?

A

limit audience participation at first; establish yourself as THE EXPERT; cite CREDENTIALS; lecture format w/ audiovisuals

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7
Q

community assessment

A

find out:

  • adequacy of resources
  • groups at high risk
  • existing programs
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8
Q

HRA: Health Risk Appraisal***

A

survey CATEGORIZING a POPULATIONS’ GENERAL HEALTH STATUS = COMMUNITY (used in worksites, government agencies)

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9
Q

demographic vs. socioeconomic stratification

A
  • demographic = age, ethnic group, sex, birth rate, death

- socioeconomic stratification = census data, housing stats

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10
Q

infant mortality rate***

A

infant deaths under 1 year of age, expressed as NUMBER OF DEATHS (under 1 year) PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS

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11
Q

incidence vs. prevalence***

A
  • incidence = NEW case

- prevalence = EXISTING cases

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12
Q

incidence formula***

A

(number of NEW cases of a disease over a period of time / average number of people) x 100,000

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13
Q

prevalence formula***

A

(total number of people with a disease during a period of time / average number of people) x 100,000

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14
Q

what is food security?

A

ACCESS by all people at ALL TIMES to SUFFICIENT and SAFE foods and the means to ACQUIRE them in a SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE manner (w/o using emergency food programs, stealing, etc.)

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15
Q

what is the Community Food Security Initiative?

A

DEVELOPMENT of sustainable, community-based STRATEGIES to ensure that all have ACCESS to ACCEPTABLE, NUTRITIONALLY ADEQUATE FOODS AT ALL TIMES

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16
Q

strategies that strengthen local food systems/reduce food insecurity**

A

1) farmer’s markets
2) food recovery & gleaning programs
3) PPFPs (Prepared and Perishable Food Programs)

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17
Q

farmer’s markers increase access to?

A

fresh produce

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18
Q

what are food recovery and gleaning programs?

A

collect excess wholesome foods that would otherwise be thrown away (from farms, schools, restaurants) for delivery to hungry people

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19
Q

what are PPFPs?***

A

(Prepared and Perishable Food Programs)
NONPROFIT PROGRAMS that LINK sources of UNUSED, cooked, and fresh foods with SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES that serve the hungry

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20
Q

food insecurity is prevalent among?

A

emergency food recipients; working poor; government food assistance recipients; poor health status

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21
Q

nutrition survey vs. surveillance**

A
  • SURVEY = examination of a population AT A SPECIFIC TIME/DEFINED TIME FRAME
  • SURVEILLANCE = CONTINUOUS collection of data
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22
Q

nutrition survey***

A

examination of a POPULATION AT A SPECIFIC TIME/PARTICULAR POINT/DEFINED TIME FRAME

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23
Q

a nutrition survey is considered?

A

cross-sectional

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24
Q

nutritional surveillance***

A

CONTINUOUS COLLECTION of data & has an ON-GOING SYSTEM LINKED TO ACTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM (ex: WIC, CDC)

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25
Q

what does nutritional surveillance identify?**

A

TRENDS

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26
Q

nutritional suveillance collects?***

A
  • HT & WT
  • HCT & HGB
  • SERUM CHOLESTEROL
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27
Q

what is NSI Nutrition Screening Initiative? components?***

A

screening tool for the ELDERLY: has DETERMINE checklist and LEVEL I & LEVEL II SCREENS

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28
Q

Nutrition Screening Initiative- DETERMINE checklist

A 
identifies factors at risk:
D isease
E conomic hardship
T ooth loss
R educed social contact
M ultiple medications
I nvoluntary wt loss/gain
N eeds assistance
E lder years >80 y/o
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29
Q

Nutrition Screening Initiative: Level I vs. Level II***

A
  • LEVEL I = comprehensive assessments

- LEVEL II = RDs/NUTRITION STATUS

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30
Q

what is a focus group?

A

5-12 people brought together to talk about concerns; attitudinal data

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31
Q

what is the NNMRRP National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program?

A

includes all DATA COLLECTION and analysis activities of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

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32
Q

what counts the number of women who breast feed?**

A

Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System

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33
Q

what is the PedNSS Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System: who does it monitor, what does it monitor?

A
  • low income, high risk CHILDREN from birth to 17 y/o (emphasis from birth to 5 y/o)
  • growth and nutritional status, infant-feeding practices
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34
Q

what is the PNSS Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System: who does it monitor, what does it monitor?***

A
  • low income, high risk PREGNANT WOMEN
  • **COUNTS # OF WOMEN THAT BREASTFEED
  • identify & reduce PREGNANCY-RELATED health risks
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35
Q

what is NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey?

A

ONGOING SURVEY to obtain info on health of American people

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36
Q

what 2 surveys measure dietary intake throughout the country?***

A

1) What We Eat in America (part of NHANES)

2) USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys

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37
Q

what is WWEIA What We Eat in America?***

A

dietary intake component of NHANES

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38
Q

what does WWEIA collect?

A

2 days of 24 hour recall dietary data

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39
Q

what are USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (NCFS)?***

A
  • obtains info on food intake FROM ENTIRE US
  • evaluates 7 NUTRIENTS
  • diet rated on the RDA
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40
Q

what is the BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System?**

A

ADULTS 18 Y/O AND OLDER IN HOUSEHOLDS W/ TELEPHONES (phone interviews on health behaviors)

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41
Q

what is the YRBS Youth Risk Behavior Survey?

A

grades 9-12; certain health topics (smoking, alcohol, weight, exercise, eating habits)

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42
Q

what is the Health and Diet Survey? who is it by?

A

FDA- PHONE survey of SELF-PERCEPTION of nutrient intake levels, use of food labels, knowledge of fats/cholesterol

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43
Q

when clients speak a different language, what should you do for education?***

A

use FOOD MODELS + DEMONSTRATIONS

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44
Q

nutrition needs for the homeless- what should you do? not do?

A

DO: redesign existing services to be more responsive, offer training for food kitchens
DO NOT:
- talk about preparing foods
- federal food programs less accessible, emergency food programs usually without balanced meals

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45
Q

Native American and Alaskan natives common problems

A

OBESITY, CVD, DM

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46
Q

Strong Heart Diet Study

A

Native American diets consumed 12% fewer calories than average, but significant increases in heart disease and DM

47
Q

nutritional status and nutrition-related health measurements —>

A

1) PedNSS: Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System
2) PNSS: Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System
3) NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
4) WWEIA: What We Eat in America
5) USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (NFCS)

48
Q

knowledge, attitudes, behavior assessments —>

A

1) BRFSS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
2) YRBS: Youth Behavior Risk Survey
3) Health and Diet Survey by the FDA

49
Q

grant vs. entitlement***

A
  • GRANT = AWARD of FINANCIAL or DIRECT assistance, ANYONE CAN APPLY
  • ENTITLEMENT = BY LAW, REQUIRES PAYMENT of BENEFITS to ALL ELIGIBLE PEOPLE for a specific population who meet eligibility requirements
50
Q

what is a grant?***

A

AWARD of FINANCIAL or DIRECT ASSISTANCE

51
Q

who can apply for a grant?**

A

ANYONE

52
Q

how long does a grant last?**

A

usually a few years

53
Q

what are block grants?

A

given for BROAD purposes as authorized by legislation; FLEXIBILITY in distributing funds

54
Q

what is CDC STEPS?

A

major federal level grant- initiatives r/t OBESITY

55
Q

what is an entitlement program?***

A

requires PAYMENT OF BENEFITS to ALL ELIGIBLE PEOPLE AS ESTABLISHED BY LAW

56
Q

how long does an entitlement program last?

A

usually ~1 year

57
Q

specific entitlement programs (5)**

A

1) SNAP
2) Medicare
3) NSLP
4) SBP
5) SFSP (Summer Food Service Program)

58
Q

food and nutrition assistance programs are run by?**

A

FEDERAL/STATE = GOVERNMENT!!!!!

59
Q

what is TANF Temporary Assistance to Needy Families?

A

STATES determine ELIGIBILITY of needy families and benefits/services they will receive

60
Q

what does the Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program do?***

A

PROVIDES FOODS to help meet NUTRITIONAL NEEDS of CHILDREN & ADULTS (+ strengthens agricultural market/farmers)

61
Q

Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program is run through what agency?**

A

USDA (think of SBP commodities)

62
Q

who is the Commodity Supplemental Food Program CSFP administered by?***

A

STATE HEALTH AGENCIES

63
Q

what does the Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program do?

A

monthly commodity canned or packaged foods given to those AT NUTRITIONAL RISK (low income women, infants and children up to 6 y/o, some elderly)

64
Q

what is The Emergency Food Assistance Program TEFAP?

A

QUARTERLY DISTRIBUTIONS of COMMODITY FOODS by nonprofit agencies, food banks, soup kitchens, etc.

65
Q

National School Lunch Program (NSLP) & School Breakfast Program (SBP) are run by?**

A

USDA

66
Q

the NSLP & SBP are _________ programs***

A

ENTITLEMENT- helps to improve child nutrition

67
Q

NSLP must provide _____ (on average over the week) of the recommended intake for ____________ nutrients***

A
  • *1/3** recommended intake for:
  • PROTEIN
  • VITAMINS A, C
  • IRON, CALCIUM
68
Q

SBP must provide ____ (on average over the week) of the recommended intake for ____________ nutrients***

A
  • *1/4** daily recommended intake for:
  • PROTEIN
  • VITAMINS A, C
  • IRON, CALCIUM
69
Q

After School Snack Programs do what?**

A

PROVIDE HEALTHY SNACKS for schools (same eligibility as NSLP)

70
Q

what is the purpose of the Special Milk Program SMP?

A

encourage CONSUMPTION OF MILK; provides SUBSIDY FOR MILK (in schools, child care centers, summer programs, etc.)

71
Q

Summer Food Service Program SFSP: entitlement or not?***

A

ENTITLEMENT

72
Q

purpose of Summer Food Service Program SFSP?***

A

MAINTAIN or EXPAND FOODSERVICE PROGRAMS TO CHILDREN WHEN SCHOOL IS NOT IN SESSION (provide meals in summer to poor kids)

73
Q

who does the Child and Adult Care Food Program CACFP support?***

A

ORGANIZATIONS, NOT INDIVIDUALS: neighborhood houses, homeless shelters, nonresidental adult daycare centers

74
Q

what does the Child and Adult Care Food Program CACFP provide?**

A

1) commodity FOODS

2) nutrition EDUCATION MATERIALS

75
Q

what is the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program FFVP?***

A

INTRODUCE CHILDREN TO FRESH FRUITS & VEGGIES (free in selected schools)

76
Q

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children WIC: who qualifies?***

A
  • PREGNANT, POSTPARTUM, BREAST-FEEDING WOMEN

- INFANTS & CHILDREN UP TO AGE 5

77
Q

eligibility criteria for WIC***

A
  • LOW INCOME
  • NUTRITIONAL RISK
  • IN NEED OF FOODS
78
Q

what does WIC provide?***

A

1) FOOD
2) NUTRITION EDUCATION
3) REFERRALS TO OTHER AGENCIES

79
Q

WIC - do you need a health exam?***

A

YES- HEALTH EXAM REQUIRED

80
Q

foods provided in WIC

A

iron-fortified formula, cereal, milk, cheese, fruit juice

81
Q

WIC - entitlement program?***

A

NO- CAP ON AMOUNT OF FEDERAL DOLLAR ALLOCATED

82
Q

priorities for WIC

A

pregnant and breast-feeding women, infants up to one year

83
Q

focus of EFNEP Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program?***

A

EDUCATION, NO FOOD GIVEN

84
Q

EFNEP provides grants to whom?***

A

UNIVERSITIES THAT AID IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

85
Q

EFNEP does what 3 things?**

A

1) provides GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES
2) TRAINS NUTRITION AIDES to educate public
3) IMPROVES FOOD PRACTICES of low income homemakers w/ young children

86
Q

who does EFNEP work with?**

A

SMALL GROUPS; teaches SKILLS NEEDED to obtain a healthy diet (how to budget, meal plan, shop, cook)

87
Q

what does the Maternal and Child Health Block Grant do?

A

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION PROGRAMS for women/infants/children @ state and local levels: TRAINING, CONSULTATION, FUNDING

88
Q

focus of Healthy Start?

A

REDUCE INFANT MORTALITY

89
Q

what nutrition program falls under the Nutrition Services Incentive Program NSIP by the Administration on Aging AoA?***

A

Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAA)

90
Q

what does the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAA) Title III regulate?***

A

CONGREGATE & HOME DELIVERED MEALS: 1 hot meal/day, 5 days/week

91
Q

OAA provides meals with ___ recommended intake

A

1/3

92
Q

eligibility criteria for Older Americans Act Nutrition Program?***

A

ALL AGED 60 AND OLDER PLUS SPOUSE, REGARDLESS OF IINCOME

93
Q

congregate meals***

A
  • AMBULATORY

- transportation necessary

94
Q

home delivered meals***

A

MEALS ON WHEELS, HOMEBOUND individuals

95
Q

what is Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP?**

A

LARGEST FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

96
Q

is SNAP an entitlement program?***

A

YES- entitlement!

97
Q

what does SNAP do?***

A

assists low income with monthly benefits; net income should be at or below a certain % of poverty level

98
Q

what types of things can SNAP benefits purchase?

A

ONLY FOOD- NOT for non-food items

99
Q

CMS provides?

A

(Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) = Medicare, Medicaid

100
Q

Medicare vs. Medicaid***

A
  • Medicare = health insurance for over 65 or any age w/ ESRD –> has Part A & B
  • Medicaid = federal law administered by states for health insurance for all ages
101
Q

Medicare***

A

health insurance for OVER 65; any age with ESRD

102
Q

Part A Medicare**

A

HOSPITAL insurance

103
Q

Part B Medicare**

A

optional insurance for SUPPLEMENTARY BENEFITS aka PRIVATE PRACTICE

104
Q

what is Medicaid? who administers it?***

A

FEDERAL LAW administered by STATE; payment for medical care for ALL ELIGIBLE NEEDY (all ages, blind, disabled, dependent children)

105
Q

what does the Children’s Health Insurance Program CHIP do?

A

expands health coverage to UNINSURED CHILDREN whose families earn TOO MUCH to qualify for MEDICAID, BUT TOO LITTLE TO AFFORD PRIVATE COVERAGE

106
Q

who does Headstart help?

A

low income children ages 3-5

107
Q

what is the Nutrition Education Training Program NET?***

A

provides NUTRITION EDUCATION TO TEACHERS & SCHOOL FOODSERVICE PERSONNEL

108
Q

the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program SFMNP provides grants to states to provide low income seniors with?**

A

COUPONS to be EXCHANGED FOR ELIGIBLE FOODS @ FARMER’S MARKETS, roadside stands, community supported agricultural programs (NOT stores!!!)

109
Q

what can seniors purchase with coupons from SFMNP?***

A

FRESH, NUTRITIOUS, UNPREPARED F&V, HERBS AND HONEY

110
Q

SFMNP coupons may be limited to what types of foods?***

A

SPECIFIC & LOCALLY GROWN

111
Q

does the SFMNP provide nutrition education?***

A

YES- NUTRITION EDUCATION & INFORMATION PROVIDED (how to select, store, prepare)

112
Q

Quasi-governmental agencies receive?

A

both private and federal funds

113
Q

examples of Quasi-governmental agencies

A

American Red Cross, National Research Council

114
Q

non-governmental agencies include?

A

voluntary health agencies (AHA), professional organizations (AND), foundations, businesses

115
Q

international agencies

A

1) FAO = Food & Agricultural Organization: increases efficiency of production/distribution of foods worldwide
2) WHO = World Health Organization: developed RDAs for developing countries

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