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PATHOLOGY > IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY > Flashcards

IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the rapid death of a limited portion of an organism and is considered to be the final stage in irreversible degeneration.

A

NECROSIS

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2
Q

is the term used for the entire process of degeneration
and death of cells.

A

NECROBIOSIS

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3
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of necrosis?

A
  1. PALENESS OF TISSUE
  2. LOSS OF STRENGTH OF TISSUE AS IT SOFTENS
  3. DIFINTE ZONE OF DEMARCATION
  4. PATTERN OF THE LESIONS
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4
Q

morphologic appearance of necrosis

A
  1. DENATURE OF PROTEINS
  2. AUTOLYSIS
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5
Q
  1. TYPES OF NECROSIS
A
  1. COAGULATION NECROSIS
  2. LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS
  3. CASEOUS NECROSIS
  4. GANGRENOUS NECROSIS
  5. FAT NECROSIS
  6. INFARCTION
  7. ZENKERS DISEASE
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6
Q

most common manifestation of cell death, May result from acute deprivation of blood supply.

A

COAGULATION NECROSIS

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7
Q

gross appearance of coagulation necrosis

A
  1. PALE
  2. FIRM TEXTURE/ SWOLLEN/SHRUNKEN
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8
Q

microscopic appearance of coagulation necrois:

A
  1. original cell shape and tissue architecture preserved,
  2. CYTOPLASM- increased eosinophilia/hyalinized/calcified/
  3. NECROTIC CELLS- removed by WBC, PROTEOLYSIS & PHAGOCYTOSIS
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9
Q

3 PATTER of nuclear changes in couagulation necrosis:

A

1.KARYOLYSIS
2. PYKNOSIS
3. KARYORRHEXIS

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10
Q

the fading of nucleus

A

Karyloysis

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11
Q

shrunken & densely basophilic nucleic

A

PYKNOSIS

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12
Q

nuclear fragmentation

A

KARYORRHEXIS

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13
Q

4 ultrastructural appearance of coagulation necrosis:

A
  1. LOSS OF PROTEINS
  2. UNABLE RESTORATION OF ATP PRODUCTION
  3. SWELLING OF LYSOSOME
  4. CELL DEBRIES ARE REMOVED
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14
Q

necrosis occurs when enzymatic digestion of necrotic cells predominates over protein denaturation.
seen in bacterial infections due to attraction of neutrophils taht contains potent hydrolyses that are capable of digesting dead cells.

A

LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS

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15
Q

Gross appearance of liquefactive necrosis:

A
  1. TISSUE is LIQUEFIED
  2. BECOME SOFT TO VISCOUS FLUID
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16
Q

microscopic appearance of liquafactive necrosis;

A
  1. DEGENERATE NEUTROPHILS
  2. AMORPHOUS MATERIAL
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17
Q

this type of necrosis is typical lesion seen with specific bacterial diseases,
eg tuberculosis, caseous lymphadenitis.

A

CASEOUS NECROSIS

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18
Q

gross appearance of caseous necrosis:

A
  1. GREY WHITE
  2. DRY w/ FRIABLE PASTY TEXTURES
  3. CASEOUS= CHEESE LIKE
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19
Q

microscopic appearance of caseous necrosis

A

NECROTIC CELLS ‘do not’
1. consist of DEAD CELLS
2. retain CELLULAR OUTLINE
3. undergo COMPLETE DISSOLUTION

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20
Q

tissue appearance of caseous necrosis:

A

TISSUE becomes
1. SOFT
2. GRANAULAR TEXTURE
3. PALE YELLOW DICOLORATION

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21
Q

Clinical implication of caseous necrosis:

A
  1. lead to formation of ABSCESSES
  2. TISSUE DISTRUCTION
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22
Q

in this type of necrosis it occurs when saprophytic bacteria grow in necrotic tissue.

(distal limbs, digits, tips of ears)

A

GANGRENOUS NECROSIS

23
Q

2 types of necrosis

A
  1. DRY GANGRENE
  2. WET GANGRENE
24
Q

occurs in necrotized portion of the skin with “moisture loss “due to evaporation and drainage and presence of saprophytic bacteria.

A

DRY GANGRENE

25
Q

when the coagulative necrosis of dry gangrene is modified by the liquefactive action of invading saprophytic / putrefactive bacteria. It’s called

A

WET GANGRENE

26
Q

production of gas bubbles in the necrotic tissue by invading
bacteria (esp. Clostridia).

A

GAS GANGRENE

27
Q

This type of necrosis distinguished by its location within body fat stores,

esp. abdominal or subcutaneous fat.

A

FAT NECROSIS

28
Q

Gross appearance of FAT NECROSIS:

A
  1. FIRM
  2. HARD
  3. WHITE / CHALKY gritty areas
29
Q

Fat necrosis are usually seen in?

A

PANCREATITIS

30
Q

microscopic appearance of fat necrosis:

A
  1. CHOLESTEROL CLEFTS
  2. BASOPHILIC CALCIUM DEPOSITS
  3. surrounded by INFLAMMATORY CELLS
31
Q

a form of coagulative necrosis resulting from a sudden deprivation of
blood supply. Commonly occurring in areas or organs with end artery

A

INFARCTION (ischemic necrosis)

32
Q

a type of coagulative necrosis
in striated muscles characterized by loss of striations following necrosis.

A

ZENKER’S NECROSIS

33
Q

Other terms used in association of necrosis:

A
  1. EROSION
  2. ULCER
  3. SLOUGH
34
Q

is a SHALLOW AREA of necrosis confined to epidermis without scarring?

A

EROSION

35
Q

an EXCAVATION of surface by necrosis and sloughing of the
necrotic debris and implies involvement of the tissue below the surface layer.

A

ULCER

36
Q

-a piece of necrotic tissue SEPARATIONG from viable tissue.

A

SLOUGH

37
Q

other term used in referrence of necrosis:

A
  1. MALACIA
  2. SEQUESTRUM
38
Q

an area of liquefactive necrosis of the nervous tissue. Literally means
“SOFTENING”.

A

MALACIA

39
Q

an isolated necrotic mass
, and this process is called sequestration

A

SEQUESTRUM

40
Q

Lysis result to?

A
  1. CYST
  2. CAVITY
41
Q

Secondary infection result to?

A
  1. ABSCESS
  2. GANGRENE
42
Q

Resorption result to?

A
  1. GRANULATION TISSUE
  2. SCAR
43
Q

Favorable outcome:

A
  1. formation of scar
  2. PETRIFACTION
  3. OSSIFICATION
  4. ASEPTIC AUTOLYSIS
43
Q

UNFAVORABLE OUTCOME:

A

saprogenic fusion of necrotic tissue followed by: SEPSIS

44
Q

derived from the Greek = “falling off”

A

APOPTOSIS

45
Q

Apoptosis is involved in?

A

death of single cells (or small clusters) with intact cell
membranes and rapid removal by phagocytosis with little inflammation,

46
Q

necrosis is involved in?

A

locally extensive areas with loss of cell membrane integrity,
enzymatic digestion and an inflammatory response

47
Q

hybrid forms of cell death exist that share aspects of
necrosis & apoptosis

A

NECROPTOSIS

48
Q

causes of apoptosis in physiologic:

A

CELL UNDERGO
1.PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
2. HORMONAL INVOLUTION
3. IMMUNE SYSTEM

49
Q

causes of apoptosis in pathologic:

A
  1. DNA DAMAGE
  2. MISFOLDED PROTEINS
  3. INFECTING AGENT
  4. IMMUNE RESPONSE
  5. PATHOLOGIC ATROPHY OF ORGAN
50
Q

Morphologic features of apoptosis:

A
  1. CELL SHRINKAGE
  2. CHROMATIN CONDENSATION
  3. NUCLEAR FRAGMENTS
    4.NO INFLAMAMATORY RESPONSE
51
Q

Biochemical mechanism of apoptosis:

A
  1. SIGNALING PATHWAYS that initiate apoptosis
  2. CONTRO & INTEGRATION
  3. COMMON EXECUTION PHASE
  4. REMOVAL OF DEAD CELLS
52
Q

Disorders associated with defective apoptosis

A

PATHOLOGY (23 decks)

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