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IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the rapid death of a limited portion of an organism and is considered to be the final stage in irreversible degeneration.

A

NECROSIS

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2
Q

is the term used for the entire process of degeneration
and death of cells.

A

NECROBIOSIS

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3
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of necrosis?

A
  1. PALENESS OF TISSUE
  2. LOSS OF STRENGTH OF TISSUE AS IT SOFTENS
  3. DIFINTE ZONE OF DEMARCATION
  4. PATTERN OF THE LESIONS
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4
Q

morphologic appearance of necrosis

A
  1. DENATURE OF PROTEINS
  2. AUTOLYSIS
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5
Q
  1. TYPES OF NECROSIS
A
  1. COAGULATION NECROSIS
  2. LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS
  3. CASEOUS NECROSIS
  4. GANGRENOUS NECROSIS
  5. FAT NECROSIS
  6. INFARCTION
  7. ZENKERS DISEASE
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6
Q

most common manifestation of cell death, May result from acute deprivation of blood supply.

A

COAGULATION NECROSIS

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7
Q

gross appearance of coagulation necrosis

A
  1. PALE
  2. FIRM TEXTURE/ SWOLLEN/SHRUNKEN
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8
Q

microscopic appearance of coagulation necrois:

A
  1. original cell shape and tissue architecture preserved,
  2. CYTOPLASM- increased eosinophilia/hyalinized/calcified/
  3. NECROTIC CELLS- removed by WBC, PROTEOLYSIS & PHAGOCYTOSIS
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9
Q

3 PATTER of nuclear changes in couagulation necrosis:

A

1.KARYOLYSIS
2. PYKNOSIS
3. KARYORRHEXIS

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10
Q

the fading of nucleus

A

Karyloysis

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11
Q

shrunken & densely basophilic nucleic

A

PYKNOSIS

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12
Q

nuclear fragmentation

A

KARYORRHEXIS

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13
Q

4 ultrastructural appearance of coagulation necrosis:

A
  1. LOSS OF PROTEINS
  2. UNABLE RESTORATION OF ATP PRODUCTION
  3. SWELLING OF LYSOSOME
  4. CELL DEBRIES ARE REMOVED
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14
Q

necrosis occurs when enzymatic digestion of necrotic cells predominates over protein denaturation.
seen in bacterial infections due to attraction of neutrophils taht contains potent hydrolyses that are capable of digesting dead cells.

A

LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS

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15
Q

Gross appearance of liquefactive necrosis:

A
  1. TISSUE is LIQUEFIED
  2. BECOME SOFT TO VISCOUS FLUID
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16
Q

microscopic appearance of liquafactive necrosis;

A
  1. DEGENERATE NEUTROPHILS
  2. AMORPHOUS MATERIAL
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17
Q

this type of necrosis is typical lesion seen with specific bacterial diseases,
eg tuberculosis, caseous lymphadenitis.

A

CASEOUS NECROSIS

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18
Q

gross appearance of caseous necrosis:

A
  1. GREY WHITE
  2. DRY w/ FRIABLE PASTY TEXTURES
  3. CASEOUS= CHEESE LIKE
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19
Q

microscopic appearance of caseous necrosis

A

NECROTIC CELLS ‘do not’
1. consist of DEAD CELLS
2. retain CELLULAR OUTLINE
3. undergo COMPLETE DISSOLUTION

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20
Q

tissue appearance of caseous necrosis:

A

TISSUE becomes
1. SOFT
2. GRANAULAR TEXTURE
3. PALE YELLOW DICOLORATION

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21
Q

Clinical implication of caseous necrosis:

A
  1. lead to formation of ABSCESSES
  2. TISSUE DISTRUCTION
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22
Q

in this type of necrosis it occurs when saprophytic bacteria grow in necrotic tissue.

(distal limbs, digits, tips of ears)

A

GANGRENOUS NECROSIS

23
Q

2 types of necrosis

A
  1. DRY GANGRENE
  2. WET GANGRENE
24
Q

occurs in necrotized portion of the skin with “moisture loss “due to evaporation and drainage and presence of saprophytic bacteria.

A

DRY GANGRENE

25
when the coagulative necrosis of dry gangrene is modified by the liquefactive action of invading saprophytic / putrefactive bacteria. It's called
WET GANGRENE
26
production of gas bubbles in the necrotic tissue by invading bacteria (esp. Clostridia).
GAS GANGRENE
27
This type of necrosis distinguished by its location within body fat stores, esp. abdominal or subcutaneous fat.
FAT NECROSIS
28
Gross appearance of FAT NECROSIS:
1. FIRM 2. HARD 3. WHITE / CHALKY gritty areas
29
Fat necrosis are usually seen in?
PANCREATITIS
30
microscopic appearance of fat necrosis:
1. CHOLESTEROL CLEFTS 2. BASOPHILIC CALCIUM DEPOSITS 3. surrounded by INFLAMMATORY CELLS
31
a form of coagulative necrosis resulting from a sudden deprivation of blood supply. Commonly occurring in areas or organs with end artery
INFARCTION (ischemic necrosis)
32
a type of coagulative necrosis in striated muscles characterized by loss of striations following necrosis.
ZENKER'S NECROSIS
33
Other terms used in association of necrosis:
1. EROSION 2. ULCER 3. SLOUGH
34
is a SHALLOW AREA of necrosis confined to epidermis without scarring?
EROSION
35
an EXCAVATION of surface by necrosis and sloughing of the necrotic debris and implies involvement of the tissue below the surface layer.
ULCER
36
-a piece of necrotic tissue SEPARATIONG from viable tissue.
SLOUGH
37
other term used in referrence of necrosis:
1. MALACIA 2. SEQUESTRUM
38
an area of liquefactive necrosis of the nervous tissue. Literally means “SOFTENING”.
MALACIA
39
an isolated necrotic mass , and this process is called sequestration
SEQUESTRUM
40
Lysis result to?
1. CYST 2. CAVITY
41
Secondary infection result to?
1. ABSCESS 2. GANGRENE
42
Resorption result to?
1. GRANULATION TISSUE 2. SCAR
43
Favorable outcome:
1. formation of scar 2. PETRIFACTION 3. OSSIFICATION 4. ASEPTIC AUTOLYSIS
43
UNFAVORABLE OUTCOME:
saprogenic fusion of necrotic tissue followed by: SEPSIS
44
derived from the Greek = “falling off”
APOPTOSIS
45
Apoptosis is involved in?
death of single cells (or small clusters) with intact cell membranes and rapid removal by phagocytosis with little inflammation,
46
necrosis is involved in?
locally extensive areas with loss of cell membrane integrity, enzymatic digestion and an inflammatory response
47
hybrid forms of cell death exist that share aspects of necrosis & apoptosis
NECROPTOSIS
48
causes of apoptosis in physiologic:
CELL UNDERGO 1.PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 2. HORMONAL INVOLUTION 3. IMMUNE SYSTEM
49
causes of apoptosis in pathologic:
1. DNA DAMAGE 2. MISFOLDED PROTEINS 3. INFECTING AGENT 4. IMMUNE RESPONSE 5. PATHOLOGIC ATROPHY OF ORGAN
50
Morphologic features of apoptosis:
1. CELL SHRINKAGE 2. CHROMATIN CONDENSATION 3. NUCLEAR FRAGMENTS 4.NO INFLAMAMATORY RESPONSE
51
Biochemical mechanism of apoptosis:
1. SIGNALING PATHWAYS that initiate apoptosis 2. CONTRO & INTEGRATION 3. COMMON EXECUTION PHASE 4. REMOVAL OF DEAD CELLS
52
Disorders associated with defective apoptosis

PATHOLOGY (23 decks)

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