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Medical Terminology > Introduction to Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Terminology Flashcards

#Medicalterminology #chapter1

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Four Types of Word Parts

A

Word root, combining form, suffix, prefix

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2
Q

Suffix

A

End of word root; usually indicates procedure, condition, disorder or disease.

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3
Q

Prefix

A

Beginning or Word root; usually indicates location, time, number or status

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4
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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5
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

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6
Q

Oste/o

A

bone

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7
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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8
Q

Arthr/o

A

joint

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9
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue discoloration of the skin
-osis means abnormal condition
cyan means blue

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10
Q

Erythrocyte

A

mature red blood cell

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11
Q

Leukocyte

A

white blood cells

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12
Q

Melanosis

A

an abnormal condition of unusual black deposits in body tissues or organs keywords: melan/o means black -osis: abnormal condition

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13
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

a viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord
Keywords: poli/o means gray
myel means spinal cord
-itis means inflammation

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14
Q

combining form

A

is a word root with a combining voel. used when two word roots are combined or when a suffix begins with a consonant

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15
Q

Gastroenteritis

A 
inflammation of the stomach and small intestines
Keywords:
 Gastro means stomach
enter means small intestine
itis means inflammation
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16
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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17
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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18
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

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19
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of a nerve

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20
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

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21
Q

Tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

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22
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the tonsils

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23
Q

Cranium

A

portion of the skull that encloses the brain
Keywords:
Crani means skull
-um means pertaining to

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24
Q

Cardiac

A

cardi means heart -ac means pertaining to

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25
Q

Suffixes meaning “abnormal condition” (7)

A

-ago -iasis -osis -esis -ion -ia -ism

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26
Q

pathology

A

study of diseases

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27
Q

-algia

A

pain and suffering

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28
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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29
Q

gastrodynia

A

stomach pain

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30
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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31
Q

hepatomegaly

A

hepat/o means liver -megaly means abnormal enlargement

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32
Q

Arteriomalacia

A

Arteri/o means artery -malacia means abnormal softening

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33
Q

-malacia is the opposite of what suffix

A
  • sclerosis means abnormal hardening

- malacia means abnormal softening

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34
Q

Arterionecrosis

A

Tissue death of an artery

Arteri/o means artery necrosis means tissue death

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35
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of the walls of the artery

Arteri/o means artery and -sclerosis means abnormal hardening

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36
Q

Arteriostenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the arteries

Arteri/o means arteries and -stenosis means abnormal narrowing

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37
Q

Abdominocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity

Abdomin/o means abdomen and -centesis means surgical puncture to remove fluid

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38
Q

Angiography or Angiogram

A

Process of producing a radiographic study(x-ray) of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make blood vessels visible
Angi/o means blood vessel Graphy means a picture or record

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39
Q

Myoplasty

A

surgical repair of the muscle

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40
Q

Arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the internal structure of the joint

Arthr/o means joint and -scopy means visual examination

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41
Q

Hemorrhage or(rrhagia)

A

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

hem/o means blood and rrhage or rrhagia abnormal excessive fluid discharge

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42
Q

Diarrhea

A

frequent flow or loose or watery stools

Dia means through -rrhea means flow or discharge

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43
Q

Myorrhexis

A

rupture of a muscle

My/o means muscle and -rrhexis means rupture

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44
Q

Difference between Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal

A

pre-before
peri-surrounding
post-after
natal-birth

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45
Q

ab-

A

away from,negative, absent

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46
Q

dextr/o

A

right side

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47
Q

ex-

A

out of, outside, away from

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48
Q

macro-

A

large,abnormal size or long

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49
Q

mega-, megal/o

A

large,great

50
Q

pre-

A

before

51
Q

ad-

A

toward, to, in the direction of

52
Q

sinistr/o

A

left side

53
Q

in-

A

in,into,not, without

54
Q

micr/o, micro-

A

small

55
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

56
Q

post-

A

after,behind

57
Q

what is the opposite of ab-

A

ad- means toward or in the direction of

ab- away from

58
Q

opposite of dys-

A

eu- means good, normal, well

dys-bad, difficult or painful

59
Q

opposite of hyper-

A

hypo- deficient or decreased

hyper- excessive or increased

60
Q

opposite of inter

A

intra- means within or inside

inter means between, not within

61
Q

opposite of sub

A

super-, supra- means above or excessive

sub- means under, less or below

62
Q

hypertension

A

higher-than normal blood pressure

63
Q

hypotension

A

lower-than-normal blood pressure

64
Q

interstitual

A

between, not within, the parts of a tissue

65
Q

intramuscular

A

means within the muscle

66
Q

subcostal

A

below the ribs

67
Q

supracostal

A

above or outside the ribs

68
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A 
study of ears, nose and throat
keywords: 
ot/o means ear
rhin/o means nose
laryng means throat or larynx
ology  means study of
69
Q

2 meanings of lithotomy

A
  1. surgical incision to remove a stone
    lith means stone and otomy means surgical incision
  2. an examination position where a patient is lying on her back with feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups
70
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cells, tissues or cavities of the body

71
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

72
Q

phalanges

A

bones of the fingers and toes

73
Q

what is arteri/o, ather/o and athr/o

A

arteri/o means artery
ather/o means plaque or fatty substance
arthr/o means joint

74
Q

-oma

A

tumour

75
Q

atheroma

A

fatty deposit within the wall of an artery

76
Q

what is plural form of bursa

A

bursae

77
Q

what is plural form of appendix

A

appendices

78
Q

what is plural form of diagnosis

A

diagnoses

79
Q

what is plural of arthritis

A

arthritides

80
Q

what is plural form of phalanx

A

phalanges

81
Q

what is plural of criterion

A

criteria

82
Q

what is plural of diverticulum

A

diverticula

83
Q

what is plural of alveolus

A

alveoli

84
Q

Arthralgia

A

pain in the joints

85
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the appendix

keywords: append means appendix
- ectomy means surgical removal

86
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
col means colon
-ostomy means the surgical creation of an artificial opening

87
Q

colotomy

A

surgical incision in to the colon
col means colon
otomy means surgical incision

88
Q

fissure

A

groove or crack-like sore of the skin

89
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from organ to surface of body. may be due to surgery or injury

90
Q

ileum

A

last and longest portion of the small intestine

91
Q

ilium

A

part of the hipbone

92
Q

sign

A

objective evidence, that can be evaluated or measured, of disease ie. fever

93
Q

symptom

A

subjective evidence of disease, evaluated or measured only by patient

94
Q

syndrome

A

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of specific disease process

95
Q

prognosis

A

prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

96
Q

diagnosis

A

the identification of a disease

97
Q

differential diagnosis

A

aka rule out. an attempt to determine which of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present

98
Q

acute condition

A

has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration

99
Q

chronic condition

A

of long duration, can be controlled but are rarely cured

100
Q

remission

A

temporary or partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of the disease without having achieved a cure

101
Q

disease

A

condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally

102
Q

eponym

A

a disease, structure, operation or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first
ie. Alzheimer’s disease

103
Q

Malaise

A

a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness

104
Q

exudate

A

a fluid that leaks out of an infected wound

105
Q

inflammation

A

localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues

106
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut

107
Q

lesion

A

pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

108
Q

mucous

A

specialized membranes that line the body cavities

109
Q

mucus

A

the name of the fluid secreted by mucous membranes

110
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

111
Q

palpatation

A

an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency and location of certain body parts

112
Q

palpitation

A

pounding or racing heart

113
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyel means renal pelvis itis means inflammation

114
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection py/o means pus derma means skin

115
Q

pyrosis

A

aka heartburn-is discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upwards into the esophagus
pyr means fever or fire osis means abnormal condition

116
Q

supination

A

the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward

117
Q

suppuration

A

is the formation of discharge of pus

118
Q

triage

A

medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and proper place of treatment

119
Q

trauma

A

means wound or injury occurred accidentally.

120
Q

Viral

A

pertaining to a virus

121
Q

Virile

A

means having the nature, properties or qualities of an adult male

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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