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Immunology > Intro To MHC & Transplantation Immunology > Flashcards

Intro To MHC & Transplantation Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

MHC function

A

Help immune system differentiate between self and foreign particles

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2
Q

MHC 1 vs MHC 2

A
  • 1: CD8
  • 2: CD4
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3
Q

Leukocyte antigen types

A
  • HLA: human
  • BoLA: bovine
  • SLA: swine
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4
Q

Heterozygous animals

A
  • 2 MHC alleles @ each locus
  • express 6 diff. antigen presenting molecules
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5
Q

Homozygous animals

A
  • one MHC
  • one allele coded for at each locus
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6
Q

Iso/syngrafts

A

Transplant between clones/twins

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7
Q

Reproductive allografts

A

Sperm, pregnancy

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8
Q

Primary immune cells that distinguish self from foreign

A

T cells

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9
Q

Steeper survival curve means

A

Lower survival & rejection

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10
Q

Whats involved in graft rejection

A
  • T cells
  • blood vessels (1st attacked)
  • antigen presenting cells
  • MHCs
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11
Q

Host/recipient graft rejection

A
  • grafted APCs-> lymph nodes
  • APCs (MHCII) encounter T cells reactive against graft
  • APCs attacked
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12
Q

Grafted tissue rejection events

A
  • recipient blood flows thru graft
  • entering t cells encounter MHC I & II & peptides
  • APCs encounter grafted cells, etc
  • if blood group is different, antigen antibody rxn occurs
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13
Q

Hyperacute rejection

A
  • minutes -> 48 hrs
  • preexisting antibodies react
  • immediate thrombosis & vascular destruction
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14
Q

accelerated rejection

A
  • within a wk
  • cell mediated recognition of foreign MHC on graft cells
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15
Q

Acute rejection

A
  • weeks
  • cell mediated (lymphocyosis)
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16
Q

Chronic rejection

A
  • months
  • antibodies and cells (fibrosis)
17
Q

Prevention of allograft rejection

A
  • match for compatibility
  • dogs & cats reject renal allografts in 6-30 days if not given drugs
  • azathioprine, cyclosporine, prednisolone, etc.
18
Q

Azathioprine

A
  • interferes w/ DNA/RNA synthesis
19
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • interfere w/ lymphocyte signaling and cytokine response
20
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • wide range
  • not very potent
  • given w/ other drugs
21
Q

Xenograft research usually conducted on

A

Immunodeficient mice that lack t and/or b cells

22
Q

Issues w/ pig to human xenografts

A
  • pre-existing pig antibodies
  • both species have different complement regulation
  • delayed attack by generated antibodies
  • disease transmission
23
Q

Pig & bovine heart valves

A
  • transplanted since 60s
  • Rx w/ gluteraldehyde to preserve and reduce immunogenicity
24
Q

Graft vs host disease (GVHD)

A
  • Recipient doesn’t have immune rxn to destroy grafted immune-potent cells
  • grafted cells destroy host
  • bone marrow replacement therapy is a cause
25
Q

Why is sperm not rejected/ considered foreign

A
  • seminal plasma is immunosuppressive & makes sperm non-immunogenic
  • prostatic fluid inhibits complement activation
26
Q

Why isnt fetus rejected

A
  • lack of polymorphic MHC expression on trophoblast
  • non-polymorphic MHCs silence NK cells
  • Treg cells abundant in placenta
  • immunosuppressant molecules prevent lymphocyte activation
  • maternal antibodies against fetal MHCs can coat/protect placenta

-close balance maintained until end of gestation-> rejection rxns

27
Q

Rejection rxns

A

Invasion of uterus by large # of immune cells

28
Q

Immune privileged sites & transplantation

A

Organs or tissues where survival of foreign grafts can be prolonged or immune responses suppressed/inhibited/subverted

29
Q

Cross matching

A

Checks if pre-existing antibodies in donor product or recipient serum/plasma are present

30
Q

Dogs and horses ____ have naturally pre-existing antibodies, so first time transfusions can be run _______ cross match

A

Don’t; without

(Needs a cross match for 2nd transfusion)

31
Q

Major crossmatch testing

A

Check RBC from donor against serum from recipient

32
Q

Minor crossmatch testing

A

Check serum from donor against RBC from recipient

Immunology (16 decks)

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