Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Immunomodulators > Flashcards

Immunomodulators Flashcards

1
Q

Immunomodulator definition

A
  • meds used to weaken/stimulate immune activity
  • EX: immunosuppressants; immunostimulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of condition groups that require immunosuppression

A
  • autoimmune
  • allergy
  • chronic inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autoimmune conditions

A
  • lupus
  • IMHA
  • IMTP ( immune mediated thrombocytopenia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Allergy conditions that require immunosuppression

A
  • cell mediated: atopic dermatitis & graft rejection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F: IBD requires immunosuppression

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non specific agents (immunosuppressive drugs)

A
  • reduce T & B cell response to antigens
  • Dangerous b/c intestinal epithelium & hematopoetic stem cells can be affected
  • EX: radiation, corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, alkylating agents, folic acid antagonists, dna synth. inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specific agents (immunosuppressive)

A
  • eliminate specific immune cell population
  • EX: calcineurin inhibitors target of rapamycin inhib., inosine monophosphate, dehydrogenase inhib., lefunomide, IV Ig therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Radiation

A
  • immunosuppressive
  • ionizing rays affect DNA, oxidate free radicals in cell, inhibit cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glucocorticoids

A
  • immunosupp.
  • stimulate IkBa synthesis (inhibitor of NF-kB)
  • block NF-kB mediated processes; i.e. cytokine synthesis & T cell responses
  • reduce immunological and inflammatory processes
  • anti-inflammatory b/c inhibit phospholipase A2
  • EX: drugs that end in -one or -olone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glucocorticoid effect on neutrophils

A
  • neutrophilia
  • reduced chemotaxis, margination, phagocytosis, ADCC, bactericidal activity
  • stabilize membranes
  • inhibit phospholipase A2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glucocorticoid effect on macrophages

A

Decreased: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, IL-1 &6 prod., antigen process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glucocorticoid effect on lymphocytes

A

Decreased: prolif., T cell response and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, IL-2 prod., lymphokine prod.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alkylating agents

A

-MOA: cytotoxic effect via blocking cell division, causing DNA damage

  • Uses: lymphoid tumors, immune mediated skin disease, oral or parenteral, activated in liver
  • Adverse effects: bone marrow suppression (secondary infect., thrombocytopenia, anemia, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis
  • minimized by use of glucocorticoids or furosemide @ same time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thiopurine

A
  • azathioprine
  • alternative for cyclophosphamide
  • Uses: dermalogic diseases, immune mediated diseases, control allograft rejection
  • MOA: prodrug (must b activated by intracell. Enzyme: thiopurine methyltr.)
  • causes leukopenia & thrombocytopenia
  • dogs can develop hepatic toxicity, demodex infection, recurrent pyoderma, dermatophyte infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Folic acid antagonists

A
  • binds to dihydrofolate reductase, blocks tetrahydrofolate synth.
  • inhibit synth. of thymidine and purines
  • suppresses antibody formation BIG IDEA
  • side effects similar to cyclophosphamide
  • treats rheumatoid arthritis in humans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • from soil fungus
  • binds & inhibits calcineurin, transcription factors not able to enter nucleus
  • can’t produce cytokines, blocks prolif of activated t lymphocytes and blocks Th1 reponses
  • doesn’t cause significant myelosuppression or suppress non specific immunity
  • can cause vomiting/diarrhea, gingival hyperplasia, lymphoma (humans handling drug/animals)
17
Q

Tacrolimus

A
  • more potent than cyclosporine; inhibits t and b cell responses
  • severe intestinal toxicity in dogs
  • used for atopic derm., discoid lupus erythematosus in canines
18
Q

Rapamycin inhibitors

A
  • inhibit serine kinase called mTOR
  • inhibits b and t cell proliferation
  • synergistic w/ calcineurin inhibitors
  • severe intestinal toxicity in dogs
19
Q

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors

A
  • MOA: inhibits IMD in activated lymphocytes & prevents DNA synth.
  • blocks b/t cell prolif. and antibody formation
  • when given w/ cyclosporine, prev. Renal allograft rejection in mongrel dogs
  • well tolerated by dogs
20
Q

Leflunomide and IV Ig therapy

A
  • anti-inflammatory that inhibits pyrimidine synth.
  • prev. of allograft rejection in dogs
  • inhibits autoantibody activities

Immunology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions