Cells Of Immune System Flashcards
B cells
- originate from bone marrow
- differentiate into plasma cells
Cytotoxic t-cells
- mature in thymus
- kill cancer cells and virally infected cells
Plasma cells
- from b cells
- make immunoglobulin (antibodies)
Neutrophils
- aka Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)
- In blood
- phagocytosis
Monocytes
- in blood
- turn into macrophages in tissue
- phagocytosis
- largest leukocyte
- circulate 1-3 days
- 2-8%
Platelets
Clotting
Dendritic cells
- tell T cells what to attack
-aka Antigen-presenting cells
Macrophage
- surrounds & kills microorganisms
- removes dead cells
- stimulates action of other immune system cells
- monocytes that traveled to tissue
Mast cells
- help control other immune responses
- contain histamine, heparin, cytokines, and growth factors
Natural killer cells
- granules w/ enzymes that kill tumor cells or virally infected cells
Macrophage of kidney
Renal macrophage
Macrophage of liver
Kupffer cell
(Express macrophage biomarkers)
Macrophage of lungs
Alveolar macrophages
(In pulmonary alveolus and clean resp. Spaces)
Macrophages in lymph nodes
- sinus hisiocytes
- immobile
- in medullary sinuses
Macrophages in placenta
- hofbauer cells
- thought to prevent vertical transmission
Macrophages in skin
- langerhans
- dendritic cells in skin & mucosa assc. W/ HIV, HPV, & LCH
If a WBC type ends in -philia, -cytosis, -philic, this means
Increase in concentration
If a WBC type ends in -penia, this means
Decrease in concentration
Neutrophilia
- common in dogs
- caused by inflammation
Normal neutrophil values in canines
3k-12k per microliter or 40-60%
Neutropenia
- can happen due to wbc sticking to damaged bv walls, neutrophil destruction, reduced formation in bone marrow, adverse rxns to meds
Eosinophilia
- common in dogs
- caused by allergies, antibodies, and parasitic infections (babesia canis)
Normal canine eosinophil values
4%
Eosinopenia
- common in dogs
- common rxn to stress or corticosteroids
Viruses that can cause transient neutropenia in dogs
-parvo
- distemper
Viruses that can cause transient neutropenia in cats
- panleukopenia
Viruses that can cause transient neutropenia in horses
- equine influenza
- equine viral arteritis
- equine herpesvirus
Viruses that can cause transient neutropenia in cattle
Bovine viral diarrhea
Viruses that can cause transient neutropenia in pigs
Classical swine fever, african swine fever
Basophils
- rare in domestic animals
- produce histamine and combat parasites
- normal conc. Is <1%
- basophilia uncommon, but can happen in heartworm disease
Normal lymphocyte conc in blood
20-40%
Lymphocytosis
- caused by hormones, immune system stimulation (i.e. leukemia, arthritis, etc)
Lymphopenia
- caused by corticosteroids, viral infections,hereditary diseases
Leukemia
Cancer w/ increased WBCs in blood
(Malignant)
Lymphoma
Cancer of WBCs that starts in lymph node or other lymphoid tissue. Systemic
(Can affect eye, skin, CNS, bone)
Malignant lymphoma
- common in dogs
- progressive, deadly
- causes are viral infection, environmental contamination w/ herbicides, magnetic field exposure, genetic abnormalities, immune syst. Dysfunction
- classifications: multicentric, alimentary, mediastinal, extranodal (kidneys, CNS, or skin)
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Monocytes
- stored in spleen and marrow
- 100-1800 per microliter in dogs
- 0-850 per microliter in cats
Monocytosis
- assc w/ chronic inflammatory conditions, endocarditis, bacteriemia, corticosteroid/stress response
Monocytopenia
No diagnostic significance
