interpersonal attraction + romantic relationships Flashcards
Why are we so interested in interpersonal attraction/ connection?
- Cacioppo et al, 2006 lack of contact = more depressed + lonely
- Diener, 1984 more positive mood reported with more interpersonal relations
- William et al, 1992 increased survival rate
- Coan et al, 2006 Reduces stress
What did Coan et al (2006) do to find physical contact with a person you have an interpersonal relationship with can reduce stress?
- wife in a scanner
- if they see blue light, no shock
- red lift = chance of shock - Made them hold hand with partner, stranger or no-one
- partner physical contact = less stress experienced
How do we go about finding our partner?
- GET FAMILIAR
- Mere Exposure Effect - Be Nice
- halo effect - Look into each other’s eyes
- Pay attention to names
- Look for similarity
- a mirror image - Pick a positive person
- Meet them in a nice place
- try something scary for your first date
- Self-disclosure
(10) spicy food
What did Moreland + Beach 1992 find supporting the mere exposure effect?
- Had confederate - 4 professors
- Manipulated how often the confederates attended the lectures
- All sessions, decreasing to no attendance
- when asked students to rate who they liked the most + felt similar to = professor who attended the most
EVEN thot there was no interaction!! wowowo
What did Back et al 2008 find supporting the mere exposure effect?
- New students randomly allocated seats
- Asked to rate id they wanted to interact with the person later
- found friendship could be predicted by how close you were sat next to each other
Festering - proximity to person could predict how close you would be with them
What is the halo effect?
judgement is coloured by one positive info seen/ given
- very difficult to overcome even when you know
What did Sampo Paunonen 2006 find supporting the halo effect?
- Showed picture
- Described them as intelligent, independent, honest
- found they were given higher ratings
What did Gross + Crofton 1977 find supporting the halo effect?
- Shown a picture
- Asked to read favourable or unfavourable description
- found favourable description = higher ratings
why do we want to be rated as more attractive?
- Clifford + Walster, 1973 Teachers give attractive students higher scores
- Chaiken, 1979 People more likely to donate and so are better at raising money
- Downs + Lyson 1993 given lower criminal sentences
What evidence is there supporting the mere exposure effect?
- . Chinese ideographs - ones they had seen before made them say it was a positive character vs new charcter
- . Hoorens et al, 1990
- letter W + french student letters + boo!! - Harmon-Jones + Allen, 2001
- familiar faces = more liking
What was found about people who were rated as attractive and their interaction with their mother?
Langlois et al, 1995
- had more playful + affectionate mothers
What did Kalick et al 1998 find about attractiveness and health?
- attractive people were said to also be healthier
- but didn’t correlate with health records
Dion et al 1972 What is beautiful is good stereotype
What did Kellerman et al 1989 find about looking into each other’s eyes and attraciton?
- looking at eyes vs hands with unacquainted male-female pairs
- 2 min gazing = tingling feeling + higher rating of attraction
What research is there to support the need to pay attention to names when looking for a romantic partner?
- Jones et al 2004 partner’s name often start with same letter
- Anseel + Duyck 2009 company’s name begin with same letter as first initial
- Seem to determine jobs
- D = 2.4x more likely to become a dentist
- Over representation of george + geoffrey in geology
- A = better at assessments
What evidence is there for people looking for similarity over beauty (Buston + Emlen 2003)?
- Selfhour et al 2009 PERCEIVED similarity in personality associated with more friendship
- repeating back order increases tip for waitresses
- attitude similarity + attraction = linear relationship
