Anderson + Carnagey + Eubanks EXPOSURE to violent media

Question 1

What is the Catharsis hypothesis?

Answer 1

belief that experiencing + expressing aggressive emotions + thoughts will decrease subsequent aggressive thoughts, feelings and emotions

Question 2

Research has shown what about the role of a visual in music/ violent videos?

Answer 2

1. play a major role in transfer of ideas from the video worlds to one’s own real-world situation
2. If similarity seen = more likely to model the action seen in real world

Question 3

Brief exposure to songs with violent lyrics can increase what two variables which are key mediators of situational influences on aggression?

Answer 3

1. Aggression cognitions

2. Aggressive affect

Question 4

According to GAM, how are log-term effects accrued?

Answer 4

1. development of highly accessibly knowledge structures
   - social cognitive learning
2. Emotional desensitization to violence
   - systematic desensitization

Question 5

What is the hostile expectation and hostile perception bias?

Answer 5

Aggressive people are more likely to…

1. expect others to solve problems by use of aggressive behaviours
2. see interpersonal interactions as aggressive encounters

Question 6

Why had humour been included in this study?

Answer 6

Humour might mitigate effects of aggression-stimulating variables

Question 7

What were the aims of E1, E2, E3, E4 + E5?

Answer 7

E1: effects of violent lyrics on state hostility
E2: Effects of violent lyrics on aggressive cognitions
E3: effects of violent lyrics + triati hostility on sttate hostility + aggressive cognitions
E4: combined effect of violent humourous songs lyrics on
E5: Effects of violent lyrics + trait hostility on state hostility + sggressive cognition w/ both humorous + non-humourous songs

Question 8

What was the procedure of E1?

Answer 8

1. listened to contemporary song
2. Given psychological tasks
3. Listened to assigned song
4. State Hostility Scale
5. Longer unrelated task

Question 9

What were the findings of E1?

Answer 9

Violent content of rock songs can increase feelings of hostility vs similar non-violent rock music

Question 10

What was the procedure of E2?

Answer 10

Same as one but
measure of aggressive cognition
1. rating of a large number of word pairs
High trait hostility = perceive relatively greater similarity of meaning between pairs of aggressive + ambiguous words vs low trait hostility

Question 11

What were the findings of E2?

Answer 11

Violent rock songs led ppt to interpret the meaning of ambiguous words such as rock + stick in an aggressive way
= violent-lyrics do effect on aggressive cognition

Question 12

What was the procedure of E3?

Answer 12

1. Several qaire
2. Listen to songs
3. Do some computer tasks
4. Caprara irritability Scale
5. Trait Hostility scale

Question 13

What were the findings of E3?

Answer 13

1. High on trait hostility tended to score high on state hostility
2. Violent song had significant higher state hostility scale scores
3. Violent songs increased the relative accessibility of aggressive words

Question 14

What was the procedure of E4?

Answer 14

1. Trait hostility
2. Humourous song
   - violent vs non-violent
3. non song control
4. State Hostility scale
5. Word pair task
6. Music qaire

Question 15

What were the results of E4?

Answer 15

humorous + violent cancel each other out in terms of effect on state hostility
- not entirely for aggressive cognitions

Question 16

What was the procedure of E5?

Answer 16

Combination of all the other studies

Question 17

What were the findings of E5?

Answer 17

1. Violent = higher state hostility scores vs non-violent
2. Humorous = worse lower state hostility score vs non-humorous
3. Violent song has higher Word pairs scores vs non-violent