Brodsky, Olivieri + Chekaluk MUSIC driver aggression

Question 1

What 2 relationships have been formed between music and driving?

Answer 1

1. Music -evoked driver arousal

2. Music-generated driver distraction

Question 2

What is the difference between distracted driving vs aggressive driving?

Answer 2

Distracted = impaired attention/ judgement
Aggressive = intentionally unsafe + inappropriate behaviour

Question 3

What have the following types of music, happy + sad, been found to do to drivers?

Answer 3

1. Happy - drivers easily distracted
   - tapping to steering wheel
   - hum melody
   = excursion from lane
   = tendency to stray onto hard shoulder
2. Sad - preoccupied drivers’ internal thoughts
   = slower speeds with increased braking reaction times

Question 4

What evidence is there suggesting heavy mental is correlated with aggressive behaviour + driving?

Answer 4

1. Arnett 1991
   - adolescents - higher rates of reckless behviour, sexual promiscuity, drug use etc
2. Roe, 1995
   - performed poorly in school

Question 5

What is Roe’s theory of media delinquency?

Answer 5

forms of anti-social behaviour clustering together + associated with the consumption of socially devalued media content

Question 6

What association has bee found between sensation seeking + driving?

Answer 6

1. Arnett
   - listeners who preffered hard/ heavy metal = lower self-esteem + are sensation-seeking
2. Zuckerman
   - sensation seekers drove at higher speeds to overtake

Question 7

What evidence is there suggesting music can have positive effect on drivers?

Answer 7

1. Matthews et al
   - loud rocks music boosted driver ability to detect pedestrians
2. Wiesenthal, Henessy + totten, 2000
   - drivers preferred or favourite music alleviated stress + anger in congested traffic but only when drivers perceive no urgency

Question 8

What is GAM, Anderson + Bushman?

Answer 8

General Aggression model

• Social-cognitive approach to aggression theory
• distinguishes between aggression vs violence
• aggression require 3 components: action, intent + unwilling victim
• different forms of aggression: direct vs indirect

Question 9

What is the aim of the paper?

Answer 9

explore the impact of songs from aversive geners containing violent content on driver performance
- attempt to empirically differentiate between music-generated distraction vs music genre induced aggression

Question 10

What was the procedure of the study?

Answer 10

1. Choose songs from violent vs non-violent group
2. Car simulator
   - speed exceedances
   - lane deviations
   - collisions
3. 2 min excerpt of each song chosen
4. Completed for trips on car

Question 11

What were the findings of the study?

Answer 11

1. when driving with music
   = frq of speed exceedaces + duration of driving above speed limit higher
2. Neutral content = more lane deviation for longer ditances
3. Violent content = accelerated above speed limit more often + longer
4. Energetic music boosted excitement
   = decreased lateral control
   = increased excrusion from lane

Question 12

What does prima Facie mean?

Answer 12

providing evidence as starting point

Question 13

What part of the GAM do the results tap into?

Answer 13

1. Prominal factors

- environment able to effect on their internal state by producing arousal which may also lead to aggression priming