11: Leadership Flashcards
What is leadership?
A process of social influence through which an individuals enlist + mobilises the aid of others in the attainment of collective goal
What is the Great Person Theory?
- Some people just born to be leaders
- underlying stable traits
- stronger in leaders who become focus of attention
What evidecne is there refuting the Great Person Study?
- Dean Simonton’s Study of US presidents
- only 3 predicted effectiveness
= height tall
= family size = small
= Book published before presidency
- personaly attributes
Why do individual have a predisposition to lead and have charisma? House 1977?
Due to early xp in life - intelligence - talkativeness - confidence - health - Size = but not really a consensus found when looking back at history
What are the different leadership types according to Lippitt + White?
- Autocratic
- gives orders, focuses on task - Democratic
- asked for suggestions, discussed plans, behaved like member of group - Laissez-Faire
- leave group to own devices, minimal intervention
What is the order of liking and productivity between the different types of leadership style?
Liking = Democratic, Autocratic, LF Productivity = Autocratic, Democratic, LF
What 2 cateorigres can leader fall into?
- Task Specialist
- focus on productivity
- more liely to be dominant leaders - Scioemotional special
- focus on the feelings of the group
What evidence is there suggesting litenting to peopel and being emotional does not make you a worse leader?
Sorrentino + Field, 1986
- Rated members on task + sociemotional specialism
= actually people want structure but also balance
= effective leader rated well on both!!
What situaitonal factors need to be considered for a good leader?
= students chose different people for different tasks
= dependant on the situation/ task
What is the Fiedler’s Contingency Theory?
- Lest Preferred Co-Worker Sclae
- high score = positive about leader even though they were g=doing shit
- low score = negative about someone because they were not performing well
If rated low score = more effective leader than high rated
= middle = most effective - contingennt on the situation + the type of person they are
According to the Path-goal theory, what makes an effective leader?
- importance to balance between structuring + consideration
- Structuring –> when followers unclear about goal
- Consideration –> when followers are bored/ uncomfortable
What is a transactional leader?
- effective leadership is from mutual support from the followers
= effective leadershipp - the greater emphasis on the relationship between the leader + followers
What is transformational leadership, Bass, 1985?
Characteristic of a transformational leader
- engage with followers
- but also want the follower to grow
- mutual respect
- Individualised consideration
- needs, ability - Intellectual stimulation
- challenge thinking + practices - Charismatic/ inspiring leadership
How can you increase your chances of being a transformational leader, Hollander 1958?
- Idiosyncratic credit
- conform closely to group norms
- ensure they have fairly elected the leader
- be seen as competent
- be seen to identify with the group
What is the Leader Categorisation Theory, Lord + Brown, 2004?
- schemas/ prototypes of what an ideal group leader should be
= bias
