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OSA T2 > 9: Anti-social behavior > Flashcards

9: Anti-social behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Lucifer effect?

A

Anyone can behave very anti-social

- is due to the situation

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2
Q

What factors about a situation are thought to provoke anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. High temperature
  2. consumption of alcohol
    - Think-drink effect
  3. De-individuation + dehumanisation
  4. Crowding
  5. Culture
  6. Media
  7. Catharsis
  8. Evolution
  9. Gender
  10. Provocation
  11. Frustration
  12. Excitation
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3
Q

What has been found to increase as the temperature increases?

A
  1. Domestic violence
  2. Violent suicide
  3. The amount of horn-honking at traffic
  4. Riots
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4
Q

Why has alcohol consumption been associative with an increase of anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. impairs brain areas involved in planning + controlling behaviour
  2. Increases activity in more primitive areas
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5
Q

What did Taylor + sears 1988 find about alcohol consumption and the ability to deal with pressure to administer electric shocks?

A
  1. Alcohol vs placebo
  2. Competition - slow response = electric shock
  3. social pressure given
    = alcohol = more susceptible to pressure
    = continue to give high shocks after pressure had gone
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6
Q

What is the Think-Drink effect, Marlatt + Rohsenow, 1990?

A
  1. group told they were given strong alcoholic drink = behaves aggressively
  2. Flowe et al, 2011
    - took people from pub
    - checked blood alcohol lvl
    - asked how far they would go in advancing of women
    = aggressive behaviour including rape
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7
Q

What does de-individuation and de-humanisation?

A
  1. De-individuation = blend in with crowd

2. De-humanisation = stripped of being an individual

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8
Q

What evidence is there de-individuation is an important factor in suggesting anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. Diener et al, 1976
    - children wearing haloween masks = likely to steal more sweets
  2. Middlebrook, 1980
    - makes it easier for the KKK to behave more racially
  3. Wildschut et al, 2002
    - Vladimir’s choice
    - egging a person to jump off since they can just fit into the crowd = crowd baiting
    - make out-group suffer
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9
Q

When does crowd baiting normally takes place?

A
  1. At night

2. When at a distance from victim

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10
Q

What evidence is there suggesting crowding can foster anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. UK prisoners
    - events perceived as more aggressive + protagonist as more hostile + malevolent
  2. Higher ward occupancy
    = associated w/ higher number of violent incidents + more verbal aggression
  3. RATS!
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11
Q

What evidence is there suggesting culture can foster anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. Tribal cultures
    - aggressive acts are encouraged in some culture
  2. Culture of Honour
    - uphold/ defending reputation of oneself/ family
  3. Machismo culture
    - Italy young adolescent boys are encouraged to be aggressive as a pathway to manhood
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12
Q

What did Nisbett, 1993 find when investigating why there was a higher murder rate in the south of America vs North?

A
  1. South hyperalert to threat
    - south = herders
    - North = agriculture
  2. herders = very important to protect animals as it is their livelihood
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13
Q

What evidence is there suggesting media can foster anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. Anderson et al, 2010
    - watching violence increases frq of aggressive behaviour, angry emotions, hostile thoughts
  2. Carnagey + Anderson, 2005
    - Games that reward violence increases feelings of hostility + aggression
  3. Liebert + Baron, 1972
    - Extremely violent police drama episode vs exciting but non-violent sporting event: former behaved more aggressively w/ friends
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14
Q

What evidence is there suggesting watching too much violence can result in desensitization ?

A
  1. Boxing match
    - little physiological reaction if you have watched a lot
  2. Watched Violent police drama vs Volleyball game
    - aggressive interaction between children
    - former group responded less emotionally
  3. Violent vs non-violent movies
    - former took longer to help a women

= an environment more open to violence and accepting of it

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15
Q

What is the concept of Thanatos?

A
  • anger/ aggression initially directed at self but later to others
  • according to Freud, aggressiveness builds up and eventually needs to be expressed
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16
Q

What did Bushman et al, 1999 find when they tested Freud’s idea of catharsis?

A
  1. People hit punching bad to reduce stress

= more likely to punish someone who had hurt them

17
Q

What evidence is there suggesting anti-social behaviour is actually adaption and it partly result of evolution?

A
  1. agressive adaptive
    - ward off predators
    - increase access to resources
    - useful for defending space
  2. Chang et al, 2011
    = Mating behaviour
    - showing attractive photos of opp-sex = males more likely to express support for war + respond more quickly to war-like stimuli
18
Q

What difference are suggested between males and females regarding gender?

A
  1. toddlers given crayon on white sheet
    - only 3 colours, including white
    - child with white = aggression
    = males = physical aggression - hitting, pushing
    = females = relational aggression = ignoring/ spreading rumours
  2. But acc difference is exaggerated by extreme
19
Q

Why is it important to consider normative behaviour when studying relationship between aggression and gender?

A
  1. White + Kowalski 1994
    - aggressive women seen as social deviant/ mentally ill
  2. Tinkler + Jackson, 2007
    - media stigmatisation of laddetts
20
Q

What did Baron’s ad study find about anti-social behaviour ad provocation?

A
  1. harsh criticism vs gentle of ad given
    = if given opportunity to retaliate, harsh condition more likely to do so
    - only works if there are no mitigating circumstances/ if was intentional
21
Q

What evidence is there supporting the following quote by Berkowitz 1981: The finger pulls the trigger but the trigger may also be pulling the finger?

A
  1. ppt came to give others electric shocks
  2. Gun vs badminton on table nearby
    = gun present = greater shock administrated
22
Q

What is readiness to aggress?

A

Dollard’s frustration-aggression hyp:

Where, the closer we are to our goals

  • or the greater pleasure we are expecting
  • aggression is more likely to follow if someone gets in the way
23
Q

What evidence is there suggesting there is a link between being excited and anti-social behaviour (aggression)?

A
  1. Zillman, 1978
    - physical arousal carries over to aggressive stimulus
    - after vigorously riding bike for 1 min
    - loud noise
    - given option to admin loud noise to someone
    = bike condition = louder noise blasts delivered
  2. Football winner
    - more aggressive vs losers

OSA T2 (33 decks)

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