9: Anti-social behavior Flashcards
What is the Lucifer effect?
Anyone can behave very anti-social
- is due to the situation
What factors about a situation are thought to provoke anti-social behaviour?
- High temperature
- consumption of alcohol
- Think-drink effect - De-individuation + dehumanisation
- Crowding
- Culture
- Media
- Catharsis
- Evolution
- Gender
- Provocation
- Frustration
- Excitation
What has been found to increase as the temperature increases?
- Domestic violence
- Violent suicide
- The amount of horn-honking at traffic
- Riots
Why has alcohol consumption been associative with an increase of anti-social behaviour?
- impairs brain areas involved in planning + controlling behaviour
- Increases activity in more primitive areas
What did Taylor + sears 1988 find about alcohol consumption and the ability to deal with pressure to administer electric shocks?
- Alcohol vs placebo
- Competition - slow response = electric shock
- social pressure given
= alcohol = more susceptible to pressure
= continue to give high shocks after pressure had gone
What is the Think-Drink effect, Marlatt + Rohsenow, 1990?
- group told they were given strong alcoholic drink = behaves aggressively
- Flowe et al, 2011
- took people from pub
- checked blood alcohol lvl
- asked how far they would go in advancing of women
= aggressive behaviour including rape
What does de-individuation and de-humanisation?
- De-individuation = blend in with crowd
2. De-humanisation = stripped of being an individual
What evidence is there de-individuation is an important factor in suggesting anti-social behaviour?
- Diener et al, 1976
- children wearing haloween masks = likely to steal more sweets - Middlebrook, 1980
- makes it easier for the KKK to behave more racially - Wildschut et al, 2002
- Vladimir’s choice
- egging a person to jump off since they can just fit into the crowd = crowd baiting
- make out-group suffer
When does crowd baiting normally takes place?
- At night
2. When at a distance from victim
What evidence is there suggesting crowding can foster anti-social behaviour?
- UK prisoners
- events perceived as more aggressive + protagonist as more hostile + malevolent - Higher ward occupancy
= associated w/ higher number of violent incidents + more verbal aggression - RATS!
What evidence is there suggesting culture can foster anti-social behaviour?
- Tribal cultures
- aggressive acts are encouraged in some culture - Culture of Honour
- uphold/ defending reputation of oneself/ family - Machismo culture
- Italy young adolescent boys are encouraged to be aggressive as a pathway to manhood
What did Nisbett, 1993 find when investigating why there was a higher murder rate in the south of America vs North?
- South hyperalert to threat
- south = herders
- North = agriculture - herders = very important to protect animals as it is their livelihood
What evidence is there suggesting media can foster anti-social behaviour?
- Anderson et al, 2010
- watching violence increases frq of aggressive behaviour, angry emotions, hostile thoughts - Carnagey + Anderson, 2005
- Games that reward violence increases feelings of hostility + aggression - Liebert + Baron, 1972
- Extremely violent police drama episode vs exciting but non-violent sporting event: former behaved more aggressively w/ friends
What evidence is there suggesting watching too much violence can result in desensitization ?
- Boxing match
- little physiological reaction if you have watched a lot - Watched Violent police drama vs Volleyball game
- aggressive interaction between children
- former group responded less emotionally - Violent vs non-violent movies
- former took longer to help a women
= an environment more open to violence and accepting of it
What is the concept of Thanatos?
- anger/ aggression initially directed at self but later to others
- according to Freud, aggressiveness builds up and eventually needs to be expressed
What did Bushman et al, 1999 find when they tested Freud’s idea of catharsis?
- People hit punching bad to reduce stress
= more likely to punish someone who had hurt them
What evidence is there suggesting anti-social behaviour is actually adaption and it partly result of evolution?
- agressive adaptive
- ward off predators
- increase access to resources
- useful for defending space - Chang et al, 2011
= Mating behaviour
- showing attractive photos of opp-sex = males more likely to express support for war + respond more quickly to war-like stimuli
What difference are suggested between males and females regarding gender?
- toddlers given crayon on white sheet
- only 3 colours, including white
- child with white = aggression
= males = physical aggression - hitting, pushing
= females = relational aggression = ignoring/ spreading rumours - But acc difference is exaggerated by extreme
Why is it important to consider normative behaviour when studying relationship between aggression and gender?
- White + Kowalski 1994
- aggressive women seen as social deviant/ mentally ill - Tinkler + Jackson, 2007
- media stigmatisation of laddetts
What did Baron’s ad study find about anti-social behaviour ad provocation?
- harsh criticism vs gentle of ad given
= if given opportunity to retaliate, harsh condition more likely to do so
- only works if there are no mitigating circumstances/ if was intentional
What evidence is there supporting the following quote by Berkowitz 1981: The finger pulls the trigger but the trigger may also be pulling the finger?
- ppt came to give others electric shocks
- Gun vs badminton on table nearby
= gun present = greater shock administrated
What is readiness to aggress?
Dollard’s frustration-aggression hyp:
Where, the closer we are to our goals
- or the greater pleasure we are expecting
- aggression is more likely to follow if someone gets in the way
What evidence is there suggesting there is a link between being excited and anti-social behaviour (aggression)?
- Zillman, 1978
- physical arousal carries over to aggressive stimulus
- after vigorously riding bike for 1 min
- loud noise
- given option to admin loud noise to someone
= bike condition = louder noise blasts delivered - Football winner
- more aggressive vs losers
