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Nursing 401 > International Partnerships > Flashcards

International Partnerships Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of globalization?

A

The flow of information, goods, capital and people across political and geographic boundaries (2003)

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2
Q

Who does globalization benefit?

A

Globalization tends to benefit the most economically advanced and affluent countries, corporations and individuals.

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3
Q

What are the positive implications of globalization on health?

A

Infectious disease control

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4
Q

What are the negative implications of globalization on health?

A

Infectious disease spread

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5
Q

What are the four main factors that affect global health?

A

Diet (fat, salt, sugar intake)
Lack of physical exercise
Alcohol
Tobacco

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6
Q

What is the definition of global health?

A

The optimal well-being of all humans considered from the individual and collective perspective.

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7
Q

What effect does good health of individuals have on broader society? (Jan, 1997)

A

Good health of individuals benefits the health of those around them and therefore has a synergistic effect on the health of the broader society.

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8
Q

What is health inequity according to Garmer, 1999?

A

Health disparities are biological in their expression but are largely socially determined.

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9
Q

What causes health inequity according to WHO, 2008?

A

The poor health of the poor, the social gradient in health within countries, and the marked health inequities between countries are caused by the unequal distribution of power, income, goods and services, globally and nationally.

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10
Q

What is health inequity according to UFV?

A

Differences in health that are unnecessary, unfair, and unavoidable.

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11
Q

what is the difference between inequality and inequity?

A

Inequality = unequal
Inequity = unfair, unjust
“Not all health inequalities are unjust or inequitable|

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12
Q

What is the definition of justice according to the CNA code of ethics?

A

Justice: Nurses uphold principles of equity and fairness to assist person in receiving a share of health services and resources proportionate to their needs and in promoting social justice.

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13
Q

What is social justice? (CNA, 2006)

A

The fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and their consequences. Social justice focuses on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them.

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14
Q

What are social justice actions? (3)

A
  1. Actions that would increase awareness of the injustice.
  2. Actions that would help ameliorate injustice by addressing symptoms of injustice.
  3. Actions that would help transform injustice by eliminating the root cause.
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15
Q

What are health indicators? (definition)

A

Measures of health and the factors that affect it

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16
Q

What are some examples of health indicators?

A

Life expectancy at birth (LEB)
Infant mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
Under-5 mortality rate.

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17
Q

What is infant mortality rate?

A

Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births.

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18
Q

What is maternal mortality rate?

A

Maternal mortality rate is the number of maternal deaths (death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of a pregnancy) per 100,000 live births.

19
Q

What are the differences between the UN Millennium Development Goals (2000) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2016)?

A

Un Millennium Development Goals (2000)

  • 8 goals and 18 targets to be met by 2015
  • Time span starting in 1990 (25 year period)

UN Sustainable Development Goals (2016)

  • 17 goals and 169 targets - all interlinked
  • Follow and expand on Millennium Development Goals
  • Adopted by United Nations March, 2016
  • Targets to be met by 2030
20
Q

What is sustainable development? (ICN, 2007)

A

Providing a framework whereby groups, communities and individuals have access to resources and opportunities, and exercise their rights, using them to create infrastructures that promote healthy communities.

21
Q

What are the 17 sustainable development goals set out by the UN in 2016?

A
  1. No poverty
  2. Zero hunger
  3. Good health and well-being
  4. Quality education
  5. Gender equality
  6. Clean water and sanitation
  7. Affordable and clean energy
  8. Decent work and economic growth
  9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure
  10. Reduced inequalities
  11. Sustainable cities and communities
  12. Responsible consumption and production
  13. Climate action
  14. Life below water
  15. Life on land
  16. Peace, justice and strong institutions
  17. Partnerships for the goals
22
Q

What are the five underlying principles and focus of the UN Sustainable development goals? (5 P’s)

A 
People
Planet
Prosperity
Peace
Partnership
23
Q

What is the definition of universal health coverage?

A

All people receive the health services they need without suffering financial hardship.

24
Q

What are four components of universal health coverage?

A

Financial risk protection.
Access to quality essential health care.
Access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines.
Access to vaccines for all.

25
Q

What is international development? (According to CIDA)

A

Synonymous with foreign aid and development cooperation. Helping people help themselves (CIDA)

26
Q

What levels of change are needed for sustainable international development? (Swerissen & Crisp, 2004)

A

Sustaining the long-term benefits of successful interventions involves change at the individual, organizational and institutional levels.

27
Q

What does Global Affairs Canada do?

A

Provides international development assistance to help people living in poverty in specific countries/regions.

28
Q

Where does Global Affairs Canada focus their work?

A

Focusing on core group of 38 countries (2017):

Americas, Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa

29
Q

What are the duties of the World Health Organization?

A

Directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system.

30
Q

What are the main areas of work for the World Health Organization? (6)

A 
Health systems
Promoting health through the life course
Non-communicable diseases
Communicable diseases
Corporate services
Preparedness, surveillance and response
31
Q

How many WHO collaborating centres are there in Canada?

A

10 in Canada

32
Q

What three areas are currently being reformed within the World Health Organization?

A

Programmatic, Governance and Managerial

33
Q

What is the mission of the International Council of Nurses?

A

To represent nursing internationally and influence health policy world-wide.

34
Q

What are the focuses of the international council of nurses?

A

ICN focus includes: professional nursing practice, nursing regulation and the socioeconomic welfare of nurses.

35
Q

What does the Canadian Nurses Association do?

A

Works to advance the contribution of Canadian nurses to global health equity.
Promotes and advocates for maternal, newborn and child health.

36
Q

How many international partnerships did the CNA have between 1970 and 2012?

A

International partnerships with >30 international nursing associations from 1970 to 2012 (no longer funded).

37
Q

What is the Canadian Public Health Association?

A

Non-governmental organization comprised of over 25 health disciplines.

38
Q

What is the mission of the Canadian Public Health Association?

A

Enhance the health of people in Canada and contribute to a healthier and more equitable world.

39
Q

What is the Canadian International Immunization Initiative?

A

Collaborate with WHO, UNICEF, U.S. Center fir Disease Control, Rotary International & National Ministries of Health around the World.

40
Q

What are some organizations that participate in Global Health Research?

A

International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Health Canada
Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research

41
Q

What two types of roles do nurses play on the international stage?

A

Individual roles

Partnering roles

42
Q

What are five types of partnering roles that nurses play on the international stage?

A 
Nursing care
Nursing education
Nursing research
Nursing associations
Influencing health policy
43
Q

What are the challenges faced by nurses worldwide in pursuing the International Health Targets?

A 
Lack of gender equity
Respect for nurses as a profession
Scope of practice
Working conditions for nurses
Lack of nurses/nursing shortage
Lack of personal protective equipment
44
Q

What are the principles of international nursing partnerships?

A 
Do your homework
Assess local needs
Collaboration is key (involve community leaders and local experts)
"Train the trainer"
Do not impose your beliefs and practices
Evaluate effectiveness of interventions

Nursing 401 (21 decks)

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