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Nursing 401 > Child Health > Flashcards

Child Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What are four areas of public health that focus on children? (Four disciplines)

A

Dental
SLP
Audiology
Nursing

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2
Q

What are the effects of impaired cognitive development and poor health early in life? (How does it affect the rest of a person’s life)

A

Impaired cognitive development and poor health early in life results in lower school achievement, lower productivity and earnings, high unemployment and welfare dependency, substance abuse, involvement in crime, increased mental illness and higher health care costs.

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3
Q

What age group receives dental care through public health?

A

Age 0-3 years

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4
Q

What age group receives SLP care through public health?

A

<5 years

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5
Q

What age group receives audiology care through public health?

A

0-19 years

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6
Q

What age group receives services of Nursing Best beginnings through public health?

A

Prenatal - 2 years

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7
Q

Why are child care spaces relevant to child health?

A
  • 2012- only enough regulated child care spaces for 22% of 0-5 year olds in Canada (Majority in Quebec, the only province with a universal type of child care program.
  • 0-4 year old age group is growing at fastest rate in 50 years
  • Labour force participation rate for mothers with young children also increasing
  • Child care fees often greater than cost to attend university; BC cost increased 35% between 2007 and 2014
  • It is estimated that society gains $2 for every $2 spent on quality child care; results in increased productivity of parents and head start for child development.
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8
Q

What are the five social groups in Canada with the highest child poverty rates?

A
  • Children of recent immigrant families (48%)
  • Children of Aboriginal identity (36%)
  • Children in racialized families (33%)
  • Children with disabilities (27%)
  • Children of female lone parents (54%)
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9
Q

What are some causes of child poverty for recent immigrants in Canada?

A
  • Long period of poverty for immigrant families has serious implications for their childrens’ health and development.
  • Governments recruit highly skilled and well-educated immigrants and then turn a blind eye to employment practices that leave them in low-paid and insecure jobs
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10
Q

What are some of the statistics regarding aboriginal child poverty rates in comparison with the rest of Canada?

A
  • Recent research confirms that average child poverty rate for all indigenous children in 40% in contrast to average child poverty rate for all children (19%)
  • 50% of status First Nations children live in poverty in First Nations communities.
  • Aboriginal population is young and growing rapidly - more than 4 times faster than non-Aboriginal population from 2006-2011
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11
Q

How does the funding for First Nations schools compare to funding for other Canadian schools?

A

Federally funded First nations schools held to same standards as Provincially-funded schools but funding inequitable - no funding for libraries, computers, teacher training, special education; First Nations schools receive $2000-$3000 less per capita funding.

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12
Q

How many children (what percentage) were living in poverty in BC in 2014? How does this compare to the national rate?

A

19.8% of BC children were living in poverty (Calculated after taxes)
National rate 18.5%

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13
Q

In 2016, how many children with single parents were poor?

A

50%

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14
Q

Which area of British Columbia has the highest child poverty rate?

A

Surrey - 21% (23,480 children)

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15
Q

What is minimum wage in BC?

A

was $8/hour until 2011

Increased gradually to current $10.85; now tied to consumer price index

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16
Q

What were the yearly earnings of a single parent working full time on minimum wage in 2014?

A

$18,655

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17
Q

What is a “living wage”?

A

What a 2 parent, 2 child family with both parents working full time would need to earn to meet their basic needs - food, rent, transportation, child care, etc.

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18
Q

What should an anti-poverty plan addres?

A
  • Increase income assistance rate and minimum wage.
  • Improve food security.
  • Build more social housing.
  • Provide universal child care.
  • Support training and education.
  • Enhance community health care eg. home care, home support, assited living, LTC, community mental health, eliminate MSP premiums
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19
Q

What are the annual costs of health care related to poverty in BC?

A

$1.2 billion per year

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20
Q

What three rights did the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child address? (Adopted by the United Nations)

A

Rights of provision
Rights of protection
Rights of participation

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21
Q

What are rights of provision? (one of the three areas of rights adopted as part of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted by the UN)

A

Provision - right to possess, receive or have access to certain things or services. eg. name and nationality, health care, education, rest and play, and care if disabled or orphaned.

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22
Q

What are rights of protection? (one of the three areas of rights adopted as part of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted by the UN)

A

Protection - Right to be shielded from harmful acts and practices. eg. separation from parents, engagement in warfare, commercial or sexual exploitation and physical and mental abuse.

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23
Q

What are rights of participation? (one of the three areas of rights adopted as part of the 1989 Convention on the rights of the Child (CRC) adopted by the UN)

A

Participation - Child’s right to be heard on decisions affecting his or her life.
- increasing opportunities as child develops (eg. freedom of speech and opinions, culture, religion and language)

24
Q

What are the requirements of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted by the UN? (How do countries ensure they protect the rights of children)

A
  • Countries must ensure that rights are reflected in actions, policies and programs and submit regular reports to the UN.
25
Q

When did Canada ratify the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted by the UN? Which department is responsible for ensuring the requirements are met?

A

Canada ratified the Convention in 1991

PHAC shares responsibility with the Department of Justice for coordinating implementation of UN CRC at Federal level in Canada.

26
Q

What Federal Government Child Health Initiatives took place in the early 1990s?

A
  • Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program
  • Community Action Program for Children <6 years of age (CAPC)
  • Aboriginal Head Start
    • Urban and Northern Communities
    • First Nations reserves
27
Q

What Federal Government Child Health Initiative took place in 2006?

A

Universal Child Care Benefit (increased in 2016)

28
Q

What is the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program? (How many people does it serve, what are the cost effectiveness)

A
  • 276 projects serving >51,000 women in >2000 communities
  • Better Beginnings in Chilliwack and Best for Babies in Abbotsford
  • Cost for program significantly less than cost for NICU care
29
Q

What is the Community Action Program for Children (CAPC)? (What does it do, how many people does it serve)

A

Funds community groups to establish and deliver services that address developmental needs of at-risk children ages 0-6 years.
415 projects in >3000 communities

30
Q

What is the Aboriginal Head Start for Urban and Northern Communities? (when was it started, how many people does it serve)

A

Since 1995

134 sites, > 4800 children

31
Q

What is the Aboriginal Head Start First Nations Reserves? (when was it started, how many people does it serve)

A

Since 1998

300 programs, >9000 children

32
Q

What are the general areas of health and health related factors that Aboriginal Head Start focuses on?

A 
Cultural literacy
School readiness
Physical activity
Nutrition
etc.
33
Q

How much does each dollar invested in early years (before age 6) save in future spending on health, welfare and justice systems according to PHAC, 2008?

A

Every $1 invested in early years (before age 6) saves $9 future spending on health, welfare and justice systems (PHAC, 2008)

34
Q

What are the programs and initiatives run by the Public Health Agency of Canada Division of Childhood and Adolescence?

A
  • Aboriginal Head Start
  • Child and Youth Rights
  • Community Action Program for Children
  • Comprehensive School Health
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Initiative
  • Prenatal Nutrition
35
Q

Which new program was introduced by the BC Provincial Government in 2007?

A

Strong Start

36
Q

What is “Strong Start”? (introduced in 2007)

A

Drop-in center for children 0-5 years in schools; Lead by ECE, now >80 throughout BC

37
Q

Which new program was introduced by the BC Provincial Government in 2011?

A

Full day kindergarten throughout BC

38
Q

Which new program was introduced by the BC Provincial Government in 2013?

A

BC New Early Years Strategy

39
Q

What are the 3 goals of the BC New Early Years Strategy?

A

Access
Quality
Affordability

40
Q

Which program includes the BC Training and Education Savings Grant?

A

BC New Early Years Strategy

41
Q

What is the BC Training and Education Savings Grant?

A

When BC Resident turns 6 years old, the BC government will invest $1,200 in the child’s RESP. Have to be 17-26 years old and attending post-secondary to access money.

42
Q

Which new program was introduced by the BC Provincial Government in 2014?

A

Provincial Office for Early Years

43
Q

What does the Provincial Office for Early Years do?

A

Will lead to network of Early Years Centers which will offer parents/families one-stop access to range of supports and services.

44
Q

Which new benefit program was introduced by the BC Provincial Government in 2015?

A

Early Childhood Tax Benefit

45
Q

What is the Early Childhood Tax Benefit?

A

Tax free monthly payment of up to $55/month for each child under 6 years of age. Amount depends on family income.

46
Q

When was the Society for Children and Youth of BC founded?

A

Founded in 1974

47
Q

What are the aims of the Society for Children and Youth of BC?

A
  • Child sexual abuse prevention
  • Children’s environments and importance of play
  • Child and youth friendly communities
  • Child Rights Campaign (BC, 2010)
48
Q

What does the Child Rights Campaign do?

A
  • Promotes understanding of child rights and use of UN CRC as unifying framework for programs, services and supports for children, youth and families.
  • Education, advocacy, and support to vulnerable populations especially immigrants, refugees, etc.
  • Spearheaded with 4 other organizations
49
Q

What were three of the 15 recommendations that came from the Early Childhood Position Statement of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada? (Nov. 2014)

A
  • Federal Government commit to increased funding for early childhood development towards a target of 1%
  • Home visiting programs be made available to all vulnerable families in Canada
  • Implement enhanced 18 month well-baby visit strategy.
50
Q

What are some major issues for children who are Syrian refugees? (According to research done in 2013)

A 
Psychological distress
Fractured Families and Poor Living Conditions
Child Labour
Lack of Education/Developmental Delays
Physical Health problems
51
Q

What is the reason for psychological distress as an issue for Syrian refugee children?

A

Witnessing war crimes

52
Q

What is the reason for Fractured Families and Poor Living Conditions among Syrian refugee children?

A
  • Many refugees live without fathers (70,000 in 2013); many are separated from both parents (3,700 in 2013) - likely twice this number now as number of refugees has doubled
  • Often live in homemade shelters or tents
53
Q

What is the reason for Child Labour as an issue for Syrian refugee children?

A

Children as young as 7 years sent to work to help support families.

54
Q

What is the reason for Lack of Education/Developmental Delays for Syrian refugee children?

A

> 1/2 of refugee children in Jordan not enrolled in school.

55
Q

What are some physical health concerns for Syrian refugee children?

A

Malnutrition - anemia and other nutritional deficits, dental decay
Various infections; skin issues due to exposure to the elements
Immunizations not up to date
Children with underlying chronic illness eg. asthma - no medication to control

Nursing 401 (21 decks)

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