Communicable Diseases Information Flashcards
How is varicella transmitted?
Close contact with infected person and their nose/throat secretions (coughing/sneezing), food, drinks, cigarettes, or kissing someone who has the virus could put you at risk.
What is the incubation period for rubella?
12 to 23 days (average 14 days)
What is the period of communicability for rubella?
7 days before to 7 days or more after the rash appears
What are the signs and symptoms of rubella?
Rash, fever, joint aches, h/a, discomfort, runny nose, irritated eyes, swollen painful lymph nodes.
When do symptoms of rubella appear?
Symptoms can appear 14 to 21 days after a person is infected with the rubella virus. In most cases, symptoms appear 14 to 17 days after exposure to the virus.
What is the rash that accompanies rubella typically like?
The rash, which may be itchy, begins first on the face and then moves downwards from the head to the feet, and lasts about 3 to 5 days. About half of all rubella infections show no symptoms of a rash.
How is haemophilus influenzae type B transmitted?
Coughing, sneezing, or close face-to-face contact. Saliva, shared food/utensils/drinks (droplet)
What is the incubation period for haemophilus influenzae type B?
Unknown but less than 1 weeks (few days 2-4 days)
What is the period of communicability for haemophilus influenzae type B?
Contagious unless treated.
No longer contagious 48-24 hours after antibiotics starting.
What are the symptoms of haemophilus influenzae type B?
Usually starts with:
- fever
- vomiting
- lack of energy
- confusion
- headache/bulging fontanelle
- stiff neck
Can lead to:
- meningitis
- brain damage
- septicemia
- epiglottitis (cannoth breathe)
- pneumonia
- deafness
- death
How is meningococcal C transmitted?
Coughing, sneezing, close face to face contact, spread through saliva by kissing, sharing food, drinks, cigarettes, lipstics, water bottles, mouth guards
What is the incubation for meningococcal C?
3-4 days
What is the period of communicability for meningococcal C?
Until the bacteria is not present in discharges from the nose and mouth - disappear after 24 hours following antibiotic treatment.
What are the symptoms of meningococcal C?
Fever, headache, nause and often vomiting, bulging fontanelle, stiff neck, stiff back, pinpoint rash
How is HSV transmitted?
Contact with mucous membranes or close skin-to-skin contact. Also sexual activities (including oral). can be spread in asymptomatic periods “shedding”.
What is the incubation period of HSV?
2-21 days (first infection) can last up to 3 weeks
What is the period of communicability of HSV?
Throughout infection
What are the symptoms of HSV?
Prodromal: tingling, burning, itching Flu-like symptoms (fever malaise) Painful lesions, blisters, scabbing Lesions last 4-15 days Painful urination Inflammation of urethra Males: discharge (clear and mucoid), swelling Females: swelling, lesions, HSV cervicitis, abnormal discharge (purulent or bloody)
What is the period of onset to resolution of HSV?
~3 weeks (first infection) less sever in subsequent infections
How is diptheria transmitted?
Droplet (cough, sneeze), rarely transmitted through open sores/mucous membranes
What is the incubation period of diptheria?
1-10 days, but usually 2-5 days
What is the period of communicability for diptheria?
The time is variable, but without antibiotics, organisms usually persist 2 weeks or less and seldom more than 4 weeks.
Chronic carriers may shed organisms for 6 months or more.
Effective antibiotic therapy promptly terminates shedding.
What are the signs and symptoms of diptheria?
Early: sore throat, fever, swollen neck glands
Late: difficulty breathing, double vision, slurred speech, signs and symptoms of shock (pale, cool skin, increased HR)
Can lead to paralysis
Can lead to life threatening complications threatening heart and lkidneys
What is the period from onset to resolution of diptheria?
7-10 days, sometimes lasting complications
How is varicella transmitted?
Direct contact with lesions or oral secretions or by airborne route
What is the incubation period of varicella?
10-21 days, usually 14-16 days
What is the period of communicability of varicella?
1-2 days before onset of rash until all lesions are crusted over
What are the indicators (signs and symptoms) of varicella?
Fever, sore throat, headache, general malaise, 1-2 days prior to rash
Rash- begins as red macular - papular, then itchy vesicles appear, new crops of rash appear over 2-4 days, vesicles break open leaving sores which crust over.
Progression of rash - first appears on body, scalp and face, then spreads to limbs
What is the period of time from onset to resolution of varicella?
Approx. 10 days
