Community Health: Regional, Provincial, National and International Perspectives Flashcards
Define “community” according to the WHO, 1974.
A community is a social group determined by geographical boundaries and/or common values and interests. (WHO, 1974)
Define “community” according to the textbook Stanhope et al, 2017.
People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and commonly share agencies, institutions, or a physical environment. (Stanhope et al, 2017)
Define “community” according to the UFV nursing program
An organized group of persons bound together by ties of social, cultural, occupational origin or geographic location.
Define “population” according to the textbook Stanhope et al, 2017.
A large group of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics.
What is “community health”?
The process of involving the community in maintaining, improving, promoting, and protecting its own health and well-being. (Stanhope et. al, 2017)
Define “social determinants of health” according to the National Collaborating Centres for Public Health as cited in Stanhope et al, 2017.
The social conditions and broader forces that interact to influence risks to health and well-being and affect how vulnerable or resilient people are to disease and injury.
(National Collaborating Centres for Public Health as cited in Stanhope et al, 2017).
Define “Social determinants of health” according to Raphael, 2004.
Refers to the quantity and quality of a variety of resources that society makes available to its members (Raphael, 2004).
What are the UFV Nursing Program determinants of health categories?
Social support Environmental factors - Physical - Political - Socioeconomic Professional resources Personal resources
What are the Public Health Agency of Canada Determinants of Health? (12)
- Income/Social Status
- Food security (is defined as the ability to acquire or consume an adequate diet including both quality and sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways). About 10% of Canadians experience food insecurity.
- Social support networks
- Education (Literacy)
- Employment and working conditions
- Physical Environment
- Natural Environment
- Human-built Environment
- Biology and Genetic Endowment
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Healthy Child development (prenatally, as well as infancy, preschool, etc.)
- Health and Social Services
- Gender
- Culture
- Social Environment
What is the definition of “Social Determinants of Health” (according to National Collaborating Centres for Public Health as cited in Stanhope et ak 2017)?
The social conditions and broader forces that interact to influence risks to health and well-being and affect how vulnerable or resilient people are to disease and injury.
What is the definition of “Social Determinanats of Health” (according to Raphael, 2004)
Refers to the quantity and quality of a variety of resources that society makes available to its members.
What is “health inequity” according to alleyne, 2011?
Differences in health that are unnecessary, unfair and avoidable.
What is “health inequity” according to WHO, 2008a?
Differences in health that could be avoided if reasonable action was taken.
What is “health inequity” according to Health Officers Council of BC?
Health tends to be unevenly distributed among social groups within the population on a gradient corresponding to socioeconomic status.
What do most significant health disparities (inequities) relate to in Canada?
socioeconomic status, Aboriginal identity, gender and geographic location
Social DOH tend to be lower on health policy agenda
Public (government) policies determine the distribution of resources and therefore the quality of the social determinants of health
What are the five priority areas for policy action in BC regarding health inequities?
Income and food security Education and literacy Early childhood development Housing and healthy built environments Health care
What are three recommendations to reduce health inequities?
Strengthen knowledge base on disparities and their effects
Consider impact of policies across all government ministries and departments
Collaborate across government sectors, between government levels and with all non-governmental partners
What is the difference in life expectancy between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginal Canadians?
Aboriginal life expectancy = 75 years
Non-aboriginal life expectancy = 82 years
What were the First Nations Health Inequities: Indicators Targeted in BC in 2005? (7 items)
Life expectancy at birth Mortality rates (due to all causes) Infant mortality rates Youth suicide rates Diabetes rates Childhood obesity Numbers of practicing, certified First Nations Health Care Professionals
What are the principles of primary health care? (5)
Accessibility
Active Public Participation
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention and Management
The Use of Appropriate Technology and Innovation
Intersectoral Cooperation and Collaboration
What are some reasons to pursue public health care now?
Current global recession
Consistent recommendations from many national commissions
Slipping performance relative to international comparisons on health and health system indicators
Aging population
Define “Community health nursing”.
A specialty nursing practice that involves working with clients to preserve, protect, promote, and maintain health.
Nurses work in and with the community in a variety of practice areas.
