Community Assessment Flashcards
What are the three levels of nursing focus with in a community?
- Community as context for the individual, family, or group.
- Community as client (person); the recipient of care.
- Community as partner.
Is the “Community as context for the individual, family, or group” a top-down approach, or a bottom-up approach?
Top-down
Is the “Community as client (person); the recipient of care” a top-down or bottom-up approach?
Top-down
Is the “community as partner” a top-down or bottom-up approach?
Bottom-up
What is the community-as-partner model?
A partnership conveys an egalitarian relationship between the community health nurse and the community.
What does Volleman et al. (2008) say about the role of the people in the community in the community-as-partner model?
Volleman et al. (2008) suggest that people in the community are the community health nurse’s partners and need to be included during the entire community health nursing process.
What is community assessment?
The process of thinking critically about the community: identify and examine characteristics, resources, assets, and needs.
What does community assessment involve?
Involves getting to know and understand the community client as partner.
What is the main purpose of community assessment?
Develop strategies to improve the health and quality of life for community residents.
What are the other purposes of community assessment? (3)
Become acquainted with the community.
Evaluate the effectiveness of existing programs.
Ensure appropriate/equitable allocation of resources.
What do you want to know from a community assessment?
Identify community strengths, resources, assets, capacities, and opportunities.
Clarify health concerns.
Identify community constraints.
Identify the economic, political, and social factors affecting the community.
Identify the determinants of health affecting community health.
What are some strategies for community assessment data collection?
Environmental scan - windshield survey, field observation.
Key informants, focus groups, forums, surveys, public meetings.
Statistical data.
What are some examples of models/frameworks that are used in community practice?
Critical caring (Falk Rafael) Critical Social Theory (Habermas) Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem) Neuman's Systems Model UFV Community Assessment Tool
What are the three dimensions of community health?
- Status
- Structure
- Process
What are the three dimensions of the concept of community?
- Person
- Place
- Function
What are the four steps of community assessment data analysis?
Categorize
Summarize
Interpret/draw conclusions and make inferences
Validate interpretations
What is “interpreting” as a part of community assessment data analysis?
Triangulating to make sure you’re on track and that what you’re seeing is accurate.
What are “inferences” as a part of community assessment data analysis?
Drawing conclusions based on the evidence and reasoning - based on the data that you’ve gathered.
What is the difference between a wellness and a deficit nursing diagnosis? (What is a wellness diagnosis)
A wellness diagnosis is a change in the client’s response for the positive (they are getting better).
What is “wellness” characterized by?
Wellness is characterized by growth and realization of potential.
What are the components of a community assessment nursing diagnosis?
(Person) community or aggregate (who)
State of health (what)
Etiology/related factors (why)
Manifestations (how do you know)
What are the criteria for prioritizing community and population nursing diagnoses? (6) (this will be on the exam)
- Community awareness of the problem
- Community motivation to solve the problem
- Nurse’s ability to influence solution
- Availability of resources to solve the problem
- Severity of consequences if issue is unresolved
- Speed with which problem can be solved
What falls within the public health nurse’s role in community assessment? (8)
Consultation, collaboration and building coalitions. Counselling and health education. Case management. Screening, referral and follow-up. Advocacy. Organizing the community. Policy development and enforcement. Social marketing.
What is the Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities movement?
In the mid 1980’s, the WHO began an international initiative promoting healthy communities in Europe.
This movement incorporates the primary health care principles of health promotion in order to achieve “health for all” and includes more than 7 500 cities and towns worldwide.
Who funds Healthy Communities BC?
Funded by the Ministry of Health until 1997; then responsibility for healthcare services and programs was transferred to health authorities.
What is Reborn in BC (Fall 2005)?
One component of the ActNow BC initiative.
Provides support to communities and groups that are working on healthcare initiatives.
Uses a capacity building framework.
What role do values and beliefs play in creating a healthy community? (what are the values and beliefs necessary for creating a health community)
Communities have strengths and needs.
Communities have the ability to meet their own needs.
What are the requirements for creating a health community? (4)
Wide community participation.
Involvement of all sectors of the community.
Local government commitment.
Creation of healthy public policies.
What are the public health nurses’ roles in healthy communities?
Identifying health issues in the community.
Helping community members investigate health issues, and then organizing and presenting these to the appropriate authorities.
Lending expertise to advocate on specific issues.
Building coalitions with other sectors.
What are the four pillars of comprehensive school health?
Social and physical environment
Teaching and learning
Partnerships and services
Healthy school policy
What is “WHO Comprehensive School Health”?
WHO Comprehensive School Health is an internationally recognized framework for supporting improvements in students’ educational outcomes while addressing school health in a planned, integrated and holistic way.
It is not just about what happens in the classroom. Rather, it encompasses the whole school environment with actions addressing the four distinct but inter-related pillars that provide a strong foundation for comprehensive school health.
What happens when actions in all four pillars of comprehensive school health are harmonized?
Students are supported to realize their full potential as learners - and as healthy, productive members of society.
What does “school children as a population” mean as part of comprehensive school health?
School children as population. Population health promotion. Develop personal skills; acknowledge home and community environment as well as the sociopolitical and social determinants of health.
What are some examples of how “social and physical environment” functions as part of comprehensive school health? (This is one of the four pillars)
Physical activity programs, school is in safe area, inclusive and welcoming.
What are some examples of how “teaching and learning” functions as part of comprehensive school health? (This is one of the four pillars)
Universal programs, upstream; build assets; nurture resilience; knowledge, skills, behaviours
What are some examples of how “healthy school policy” functions as part of comprehensive school health? (This is one of the four pillars)
Nutrition, tobacco
What are the two areas of partnerships and services that are part of comprehensive school health? (This is one of the four pillars)
Intersectoral and Interdisciplinary
What are the effects of comprehensive school health?
Recognized that healthy young people learn better and achieve more.
Understands that schools can directly influence students’ health and behaviours.
Encourages healthy lifestyle choices, and promotes students’ health and wellbeing.
Incorporates health into all aspects of school and learning.
Links health and education issues and systems.
Needs the participation and supports of families and community at large.
What are the roles of public health nurses in healthy schools?
Resource to parents, students, staff.
Provide instruction on health issues.
Health counselling and support to students.
Screening and early identification of health issues.
Make referrals.
Consult with staff, students and parents for specific health programs.
What do public health nurses do regarding communicable disease control in healthy schools?
Reviewing immunization records for students, immunizing, and being involved in the investigation, contact tracing, counseling and education of communicable diseases in the school and community.
What are some roles for nurses in promoting healthy schools? (besides communicable disease control)
Emergency medical situations eg. allergicl reactions, seizures, asthma attacks.
Health counselling and screening (eg. vision or hearing concern).
Consultation eg. head lice management, safety promotion.
Unintentional injury and death; tobacco use, etc.
In summary, what is community assessment?
The process of critically examining the characteristics, resources, assets and needs of a community.
In summary, what are some purposes for doing community assessments? (3)
To improve the overall health and quality of life of the community.
To evaluate the effectiveness of existing programs.
To ensure equitable allocation of resources.
What is the purpose of community nursing diagnoses?
Provide direction for community nursing interventions.
In summary, what are three components of healthy communities?
Health is a product of a variety of inter-related factors.
Health is the responsibility of all sectors.
Health impact of all policies and decisions should be considered.
In summary, what are five components of healthy schools?
Community development approach to school-based health promotion.
Designed to modify the environments in which children live and learn through inter-professional and inter-sectoral collaboration.
Four key components.
Holistic approach.
Focuses on empowerment.
