intelligence and academic achievement

Question 1

Binet-Simon intelligence test

Answer 1

the first “official” intelligence test, used to evaluate children’s needs in French public education

Question 2

general intelligence

Answer 2

cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks (g)
- positively correlated with academic acheivement

Question 3

fluid intelligence

Answer 3

ability to think on the spot to solve novel problems, related to adaptation, attention control, etc.
similar to working memory, peaks at 20 and steadily declines

Question 4

crystallized intelligence

Answer 4

factual knowledge about the world, related to long-term memory/verbal ability
increases steadily over lifetime

Question 5

primary mental abilites

Answer 5

seven abilities crucial to intelligence: word fluency, verbal meaning, reasoning, spatial visualization, numbering, rote memory, perceptual speed

Question 6

three-stratum theory of intelligence

Answer 6

John B. Carroll, g at the top of the intelligence hierarchy, eight moderately general abilities in he middle, and many specific processes at the bottom

Question 7

what is usually measured on intelligence tests?

Answer 7

problem solving, memory, language, and spatial reasoning

Question 8

what are some cultural biases on intelligence tests?

Answer 8

tester rapport, genera; SES differences

Question 9

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Answer 9

widely used test used to measure intelligence of children 6 years and older

Question 10

IQ (intelligence quotient)

Answer 10

a quantitative measure of a child’re intelligence relative to that of other children of the same age
mean: 100, SD: 15

Question 11

continuity of IQ

Answer 11

one of the most stable psychological characteristics, closer in age measured, higher the correlation

Question 12

IQ as a predictor of future outcomes

Answer 12

not 100%, other qualities have an influence on a child’s success, but it is positively correlated with future income

Question 13

pygmalion effect

Answer 13

self-fulfilling prophecy, person internalized expectations of authority figures

Question 14

influence of genetics

Answer 14

becomes more influential with age, but at first, it is outweighed by a shared environment

Question 15

influence of shared environment

Answer 15

SES affects environment, which affects IQ
intellectual stimulation, diet, conflict, etc.

Question 16

Flynn effect

Answer 16

consistent rise in average IQ scores over the past 80 years in several countries, possibly influenced by increased reach of healthcare and education

Question 17

Carolina Abcedarian Project

Answer 17

comprehensive/successful enrichment program for low-income children, the benefit of early intervention and positive interaction

Question 18

multiple intelligences theory

Answer 18

Gardner, proposes people possess at least eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal

Question 19

theory of successful intelligence

Answer 19

theory of intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life