conceptual development Flashcards
concepts
general ideas/understanding that can be used to group together objects, events, qualities, etc.
facilitates storage and the retrieval of information
categorical hierarchies
organized by set-subset relations
ex. animals/dog/poodle
perceptual categorization
grouping together of objects with similar appearances (infants use color, size, movement, specific parts (legs))
what are the three categorical hierarchy levels?
- superordinate – general
- basic – medium (what children typically form first)
- superordinate – specific
naive psychology
commonsense level of understanding of other people and oneself…used to understand human desires, beliefs, and actions
what to know others have?
intentional actions (6 months)
desires (18 months)
beliefs (Sally-Ann, 4 years)
theory of mind
understand that others have similarities and differences in relation to their own thinking
false-belief problem
understanding people will act in accord with their beliefs even if those beliefs are incorrect
theory of mind module (TOMM)
nativist proposal, brain mechanism devoted to understanding other humans
evidence — ASD children
empiricist evidence – sibling interactions
pretend play
make-believe, create new symbolic relations acting in a situation different than their own (emerges 12-18 months)
object substitution
an object used for something other than itself
sociodramatic play
enacting miniature dramas with other children ex. tea time
essentialism
view that makes living things have an essence inside them that makes them who they are
ex. children easily view animals as alive, but not plants
infants and causality
make causal connections to understand why events occur,
egocentric spatial representations
view objects positions based on their own orientation
