integumentary system Flashcards
integumentary system consists of
skin, hair, glands, nails
why is the skin the most vulnerable organ and what does it get more of
exposed to radiation, trauma, infection, chemicals
*gets more medical treatment
functions of skin
body temp regulation, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, synthesis of vitamin d
skin consists and whats it made of
epidermis- stratified squamous epithelium
dermis- dense irreg c.t.
cells of epidermis
keratinocytes
basal (stem) cells
melanocytes
langerhan cells
tactile (merkel discs) cells
keratinocytes…function and what is it made of
-squamous epithelial cells made by stem cells
- create keratin
-undergo kertinization
basal (stem) cells…function, where and what is it made of
stratum basale
cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis
melanocytes… produce and what does it do
- produce brown-black pigment melanin
- phagocytized by keratinocytes
Langerhans cells…what are they, what do they do, where are they found
-immune cells
- phagocytic cells
- stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum
where do immune cells originate and where does it go
bone marrow, goes to epidermis
tactile (merkel discs) cells…what are they, what are they associated with, where
receptors for touch
* dermal nerve fiber
* @epidermal-dermal junction
layers of epidermis- thick skin
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
layers of epidermis- thin skin
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
what does stratum corneum do
protects
what does stratum lucidum do
allows skin to stretch/ reduces effect friction
what does stratum granulosum do
apoptosis-cells die
cytoplasmic granules
what does stratum spinosum do
recieves nutrients via diffusion
keratinization
what does stratum basale do
constantly doing mitosis
2 zones of dermis
papillary layer
reticular layer
papillary layer…whats in it and made of what
areolar tissue and elastic fibers
*Meissner’s corpuscles-touch
*free nerve endings-pain
reticular layer..made of what, what does it contain
- thicker dense irreg c.t
- sweat and sebaceous galnds
- pressure receptors -Pacinian corpuscles
hypodermis…what it is, what it is made of, function what is it a common site for
*subcutaneous tissue
*areolar and adipose tissue
- drug injection
- pads body and binds skin to underlying tissue
cyanosis
lack of oxygen
reddish-violet
suffocation or cold weather
albinism
white skin-lack of melanin
tyrosinase is synthesized from this
jaundice
yellowing due to bilirubin in blood
compromised liver function
hematoma
bruising, clotted blood under skin
accessory organs- derived and reside
hair, nails, glamds-derived from epidermis. reside in dermis
hair
-unique mammalian characteristic
-dead keratinized epidermal cells…shaft and root
hair follicle…made of and surrounded by
-internal and external root sheath
- surrounded by connective tissue
what is hair bulb
enlarged portion of hair follicle surrounding the bottom
what does the hair bulb consist of and what does each part do
*hair matrix- living stem cells, impacted by chemotherapy
*dermal papilla- blood vessels providing nutrient/removal of waste
arrector pili-what does it do
raises hair, contraction position to trap air or increase in size
hair texture
cross sectional shape of hair
hair colour
combo of pigment in the cortex cells
- eumelanin, brown and black pigment
- pheomelanin - reddish-yellow pigment
- blonde hair, no black eumelanin, medium pheomelanin, a little brown eumelanin
- gray and white hair- little or no melanin
cutaneous glands…made of, and what does it do
- glandular epithelial
- produces and secretes substance
types of glands
exocrine
endocrine
exocrine gland
have duct
- external or internal
- sweat, tear gland
- pancreas and salivary gland
endocrine
no duct so needs blood supply
- secretes hormones into blood
- thyroid, adrenal, pituitary galnds
sweat glands types
eccrine gland (merocrine sweat gland)
apocrine gland
eccrine gland-what does it do, made of, where
thermal regulation
water, salts, urea
soles, palms, forehead
apocrine glands-where, secrete what
- axillary and genital regions
- milky protein and fat rich substance
sebaceous(oil) glands- where, and do what
-all over skin
- ducts empty sebum into hair follicle
nails-components
nail root, cuticle, lunula, nail body, nail matrix, free edge , nail bed
skin cancer caused from what and types of cancer
-uv exposure
-basal cell carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant melanoma
basal cell carcinoma-where and looks like
-stratum basale
- small, shiny bump with central depression
squamous cell carcinoma-what cell and where
keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
melanoma-from where
arises from melanocytes
burns- classification and what does it impact
-1st degree burn…epidermis, redness, edema, pain
-2nd degree burn - partial thickness, part of dermis, blistered
-3rd degree burn…full-thickness burn, all of dermis and often some deeper tissues, needs skin grafts
