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anatomy and physiology > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary system consists of

A

skin, hair, glands, nails

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2
Q

why is the skin the most vulnerable organ and what does it get more of

A

exposed to radiation, trauma, infection, chemicals
*gets more medical treatment

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3
Q

functions of skin

A

body temp regulation, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, synthesis of vitamin d

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4
Q

skin consists and whats it made of

A

epidermis- stratified squamous epithelium
dermis- dense irreg c.t.

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5
Q

cells of epidermis

A

keratinocytes
basal (stem) cells
melanocytes
langerhan cells
tactile (merkel discs) cells

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6
Q

keratinocytes…function and what is it made of

A

-squamous epithelial cells made by stem cells
- create keratin
-undergo kertinization

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7
Q

basal (stem) cells…function, where and what is it made of

A

stratum basale
cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis

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8
Q

melanocytes… produce and what does it do

A
  • produce brown-black pigment melanin
  • phagocytized by keratinocytes
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9
Q

Langerhans cells…what are they, what do they do, where are they found

A

-immune cells
- phagocytic cells
- stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

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10
Q

where do immune cells originate and where does it go

A

bone marrow, goes to epidermis

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11
Q

tactile (merkel discs) cells…what are they, what are they associated with, where

A

receptors for touch
* dermal nerve fiber
* @epidermal-dermal junction

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12
Q

layers of epidermis- thick skin

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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13
Q

layers of epidermis- thin skin

A

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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14
Q

what does stratum corneum do

A

protects

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15
Q

what does stratum lucidum do

A

allows skin to stretch/ reduces effect friction

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16
Q

what does stratum granulosum do

A

apoptosis-cells die
cytoplasmic granules

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17
Q

what does stratum spinosum do

A

recieves nutrients via diffusion
keratinization

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18
Q

what does stratum basale do

A

constantly doing mitosis

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19
Q

2 zones of dermis

A

papillary layer
reticular layer

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20
Q

papillary layer…whats in it and made of what

A

areolar tissue and elastic fibers
*Meissner’s corpuscles-touch
*free nerve endings-pain

21
Q

reticular layer..made of what, what does it contain

A
  • thicker dense irreg c.t
  • sweat and sebaceous galnds
  • pressure receptors -Pacinian corpuscles
22
Q

hypodermis…what it is, what it is made of, function what is it a common site for

A

*subcutaneous tissue
*areolar and adipose tissue
- drug injection
- pads body and binds skin to underlying tissue

23
Q

cyanosis

A

lack of oxygen
reddish-violet
suffocation or cold weather

24
Q

albinism

A

white skin-lack of melanin
tyrosinase is synthesized from this

25
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing due to bilirubin in blood
compromised liver function

26
Q

hematoma

A

bruising, clotted blood under skin

27
Q

accessory organs- derived and reside

A

hair, nails, glamds-derived from epidermis. reside in dermis

28
Q

hair

A

-unique mammalian characteristic
-dead keratinized epidermal cells…shaft and root

29
Q

hair follicle…made of and surrounded by

A

-internal and external root sheath
- surrounded by connective tissue

30
Q

what is hair bulb

A

enlarged portion of hair follicle surrounding the bottom

31
Q

what does the hair bulb consist of and what does each part do

A

*hair matrix- living stem cells, impacted by chemotherapy
*dermal papilla- blood vessels providing nutrient/removal of waste

32
Q

arrector pili-what does it do

A

raises hair, contraction position to trap air or increase in size

33
Q

hair texture

A

cross sectional shape of hair

34
Q

hair colour

A

combo of pigment in the cortex cells
- eumelanin, brown and black pigment
- pheomelanin - reddish-yellow pigment
- blonde hair, no black eumelanin, medium pheomelanin, a little brown eumelanin
- gray and white hair- little or no melanin

35
Q

cutaneous glands…made of, and what does it do

A
  • glandular epithelial
  • produces and secretes substance
36
Q

types of glands

A

exocrine
endocrine

37
Q

exocrine gland

A

have duct
- external or internal
- sweat, tear gland
- pancreas and salivary gland

38
Q

endocrine

A

no duct so needs blood supply
- secretes hormones into blood
- thyroid, adrenal, pituitary galnds

39
Q

sweat glands types

A

eccrine gland (merocrine sweat gland)
apocrine gland

40
Q

eccrine gland-what does it do, made of, where

A

thermal regulation
water, salts, urea
soles, palms, forehead

41
Q

apocrine glands-where, secrete what

A
  • axillary and genital regions
  • milky protein and fat rich substance
42
Q

sebaceous(oil) glands- where, and do what

A

-all over skin
- ducts empty sebum into hair follicle

43
Q

nails-components

A

nail root, cuticle, lunula, nail body, nail matrix, free edge , nail bed

44
Q

skin cancer caused from what and types of cancer

A

-uv exposure
-basal cell carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant melanoma

45
Q

basal cell carcinoma-where and looks like

A

-stratum basale
- small, shiny bump with central depression

46
Q

squamous cell carcinoma-what cell and where

A

keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

47
Q

melanoma-from where

A

arises from melanocytes

48
Q

burns- classification and what does it impact

A

-1st degree burn…epidermis, redness, edema, pain
-2nd degree burn - partial thickness, part of dermis, blistered
-3rd degree burn…full-thickness burn, all of dermis and often some deeper tissues, needs skin grafts

anatomy and physiology (18 decks)

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