aging, homeostasis, common disorders ch19 Flashcards
changes in digestive system associated with age
decreased secretions, motility, loss of strength and muscle tone, diminished response to pain and internal sensation
pathologies that increase with age
appendicitis, gallbladder problems, jaundice, cirrhosis of the liver, acute pancreatitis
focus on homeostasis integumentary system
-small intestine absorbs vitamin d-which skin and kidneys modify to produce the hormone calcitriol
-excess dietary calories are stored as triglycerides in adipose cells in dermis and subcutaneous layer
focus on homeostasis skeletal system
-small intestine absorbs dietary calcium and phosphorus salts needed to build bone extracellular matrix
focus on homeostasis muscular system
liver can convert lactic acid (produced by muscles during exercise) to glucose
focus on homeostasis nervous system
-gluconeogenesis (synthesis of new glucose molecule) in liver plus digestion and absorption of dietary crabs provide glucose, needed for atp production by neurons
focus on homeostasis endocrine system
- liver inactivates some hormones, ending their activity
- pancreatic islets release insulin and glucagon
- cells in mucosa of stomach and small intestine release hormones that regulate digestive activities
- liver produces angiotensinogen
focus on homeostasis cardiovascular system
-GI tract absorbs water that helps maintain blood volume and iron that is needed for synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells
- bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown is partially excreted in feces
- liver synthesizes most plasma proteins
focus on homeostasis lymphatic system and immunity
- acidity of gastric juice destroys bacteria and most toxins in stomach
- lymphatic nodules in areolar connective tissue of mucosa of gastrointestinal tarct destroy microbes
focus on homeostasis respiratory system
pressure of abdominal organs against diaphragm helps expel air quickly during force exhalation
focus on homeostasis urinary system
absorption of water by gi tract provides water needed to excrete waste products in urine
focus on homeostasis reproductive systems
-digestion and absorption provide adequate nutrients, including fats, for normal development of reproductive structures, for production of gametes (oocytes and sperm), for fetal growth and development during pregnancy
focus on homeostasis for all body systems
-digestive system breaks down dietary nutrients into froms that can be absorbed and used by body cells for producing atp and building body tissues
- absorbs water, minerals, vitamins needed for growth and function of body tissues
- eliminates wastes from body tissues in feces
if you have a fiber rich diet you reduce the risk of getting
obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, gallstones, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, appendicitis, colon cancer
what could insoluble fibers help protect against
colon cancer
what could soluble fiber do
lower blood cholesterol levels
what are dental caries and treatment
gradual demineralization of the enamel and dentin by bacterial acids
- root canal therapy
periodontal disease-what and cuased
inflammation and degeneration of gums, bone, periodontal ligament and cementum
-poor oral hygiene
peptic ulcer disease and most common casues, complication and what to avoid
crater like lesion that develops in an area of the GI tract exposed to gastric juice-complication: bleeding
cause: helicobacter pylori:has an enzyme that destroys the protective mucous layer of stomach
- avoid: alcohol, cigarette smoke, caeffine, NSAIDs
appendicitis
inflammation of appendix
the deadliest malignancy
colorectal cancer, inherited disposition for 1/2 of the people that get it
precancerous growths on mucosal surface
polyps
diverticulosis and what offers releif
development of diverticula, saclike outpouchings of the wall of the colon where muscularis is weak
- high fiber diet
diverticulitis
inflammation in people who have diverticulosis
hepatitis-what is it and caused by
inflammation of liver caused by viruses, drugs, chemicals (including alcohol)
how is hepatitis a spread and what it is
infectious hepatitis
fecal contamination on stuff
how is hepatitis b spread and can casue what
sexual contact and contaminated syringes and transfusion equipment, saliva and tears
-cirrhosis and liver cancer
hepatitis c-similar, cause, donated blood is
similar to hep b
cirrhosis and liver cancer
blood is screened for hep b and c
how is hepatitis d spread and results in, vaccine
must be infected by hep b in order to be infected by hep d. spread through sexual contact, contaminated syringes/transfusion equipement
- severe liver damage
-hbv vaccine
how is hepatitis e spread, high mortality rate for who
fecal contamination of objects
-high mortality rate for pregnant women
