aging, homeostasis, common disorders ch19 Flashcards
changes in digestive system associated with age
decreased secretions, motility, loss of strength and muscle tone, diminished response to pain and internal sensation
pathologies that increase with age
appendicitis, gallbladder problems, jaundice, cirrhosis of the liver, acute pancreatitis
focus on homeostasis integumentary system
-small intestine absorbs vitamin d-which skin and kidneys modify to produce the hormone calcitriol
-excess dietary calories are stored as triglycerides in adipose cells in dermis and subcutaneous layer
focus on homeostasis skeletal system
-small intestine absorbs dietary calcium and phosphorus salts needed to build bone extracellular matrix
focus on homeostasis muscular system
liver can convert lactic acid (produced by muscles during exercise) to glucose
focus on homeostasis nervous system
-gluconeogenesis (synthesis of new glucose molecule) in liver plus digestion and absorption of dietary crabs provide glucose, needed for atp production by neurons
focus on homeostasis endocrine system
- liver inactivates some hormones, ending their activity
- pancreatic islets release insulin and glucagon
- cells in mucosa of stomach and small intestine release hormones that regulate digestive activities
- liver produces angiotensinogen
focus on homeostasis cardiovascular system
-GI tract absorbs water that helps maintain blood volume and iron that is needed for synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells
- bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown is partially excreted in feces
- liver synthesizes most plasma proteins
focus on homeostasis lymphatic system and immunity
- acidity of gastric juice destroys bacteria and most toxins in stomach
- lymphatic nodules in areolar connective tissue of mucosa of gastrointestinal tarct destroy microbes
focus on homeostasis respiratory system
pressure of abdominal organs against diaphragm helps expel air quickly during force exhalation
focus on homeostasis urinary system
absorption of water by gi tract provides water needed to excrete waste products in urine
focus on homeostasis reproductive systems
-digestion and absorption provide adequate nutrients, including fats, for normal development of reproductive structures, for production of gametes (oocytes and sperm), for fetal growth and development during pregnancy
focus on homeostasis for all body systems
-digestive system breaks down dietary nutrients into froms that can be absorbed and used by body cells for producing atp and building body tissues
- absorbs water, minerals, vitamins needed for growth and function of body tissues
- eliminates wastes from body tissues in feces
if you have a fiber rich diet you reduce the risk of getting
obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, gallstones, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, appendicitis, colon cancer
what could insoluble fibers help protect against
colon cancer
