common disorders ch 15

Question 1

myocardial ischemia

Answer 1

partial obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries, condition of reduced blood flow to the myocardium

Question 2

ischemia causes hypoxia

Answer 2

reduced oxygen supply

Question 3

angina pectoris

Answer 3

strangled chest, severe pain that usually accompanies myocardial ischemia

Question 4

silent myocardial ischemia

Answer 4

ischemic episodes with no forewarning of an impending heart attack

Question 5

myocardial infarction

Answer 5

complete obstruction to blood flow in a coronary artery…heart attack

Question 6

congenital defect

Answer 6

defect that exists at birth (and usually before)

Question 7

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 7

the ductus arteriosus between the aorta and pulmonary trunk, which normally closes shortly after birth remains open

Question 8

atrial septal defect (ASD)

Answer 8

incomplete closure of the interatrial septum

Question 9

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Answer 9

incomplete closure of the interventricular septum

Question 10

valvular stenosis

Answer 10

narrowing of one of the valves associated with blood flow through the heart

Question 11

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 11

4 defects: interventricular septal defect, an aorta that emerges from both ventricles instead of from the left ventricle only, narrowed pulmonary semilunar valve, enlarged right ventricle

Question 12

arrhythmias

Answer 12

dysrhythmia
abnormal rhythm as a result of a defect in the conduction system of the heart

Question 13

supraventricular tachycardia- arrhythmia

Answer 13

rapid but regular heart rate (160-200 beats per minute) that originates in the atria…minutes to many hours

Question 14

heart block- arrhythmia

Answer 14

arrhythmia that occurs when the electrical pathways between the atria and ventricles are blocked, slowing the transmission of nerve impulses
- atrioventricular block is most common

Question 15

atrial premature contraction (APC)

Answer 15

heartbeat that occurs earlier than expected and briefly interrupts the normal heart rhythm

Question 16

atrial flutter

Answer 16

rapid, regular atrial contractions (240-360 beats per min) accompanied by an atrioventricular block so nerve impulses from SA node are not conducted to AV node

Question 17

atrial fibrillation (AF)

Answer 17

contraction of atrial fibers are not in unison
atria 300-600bpm
ventricles 160bpm

Question 18

ventricular premature contraction

Answer 18

wave of depolarization spreads outward from the ectopic focus, ventricular premature contraction (beat)

Question 19

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 19

originates in the ventricles, characterized by 4 or more ventricular premature contractions
dangerous
low bp and heart failure

Question 20

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 20

deadly arrhythmia, in which contractions of the ventricular fibers are completely asynchronous so that the ventricles quiver rather than contract
unconsciousness in seconds, if untreated seizures and irreversible brain damage after 5 min

Question 21

treatment for vfib

Answer 21

CPR and defibrillation

Question 22

defibrillation

Answer 22

cardioversion
strong, brief electrical current is passed through the heart and can often stop the ventricular fibrillation
-electrical shock is delivered by defibrillator