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anatomy and physiology > aging and homeostasis, common disorders ch 5 > Flashcards

aging and homeostasis, common disorders ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

when and where do skin related changes begin

A

at age 40, in the proteins of the dermis

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2
Q

what happens to the collagen fibers in the dermis

A

decrease in number, stiffen, break apart, become a shapeless matted tangle

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3
Q

what happens to the elastic fibers and what accelerates it

A

lose elasticity, thicken into clumps and fray
smoking accelerates this in the skin of smokers

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4
Q

wrinkles form because a decrease in

A

fibroblasts

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5
Q

what decreases the skin’s immune responsiveness

A

the decrease in intraepidermal macrophages

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6
Q

what does a decrease in sebaceous glands cause

A

dry broken skin more susceptible to infection

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7
Q

what increased the incidence of heat stroke in the elderly

A

less production of sweat

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8
Q

as the aged skin is thinner especially in the dermiswhat happens to the migration of cells to where

A

basal layer to the epidermal surface slows

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9
Q

what results in grey hair and atypical skin pigmentation

A

decrease of functioning melanocytes

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10
Q

rosacea-effectswho, years, symptoms

A

skin condition affects light-skinned adults
30-60y/o
redness, tiny pimples, noticeable blood vessels

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11
Q

what slows in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life

A

growth of hair and nails

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12
Q

why do nails get brittle with age

A

dehydration or repeated use of cuticle remover or nail polish

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13
Q

anti aging treatments-topical products

A

hydroquinone (blemishes and blotches) and retinoic acid (decrease fine wrinkles and roughness)

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14
Q

anti aging treatments-microdermabrasion

A

use of tiny crystals under pressure to remove and vacuum the skin’s surface cells to improve skin texture and reduce blemishes

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15
Q

anti aging treatments- chemical peel

A

application of mild acid (glycolic acid) to the skin to remove surface cells to improve skin texture and reduce blemishes

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16
Q

anti aging treatments-laser resurfacing

A

use of laser to clear up blood vessels near the skin surface, even out blotches and blemishes and decrease fine wrinkles. ex. IPL photofacial

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17
Q

anti aging treatments- dermal fillers

A

injections of human collagen, hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxl-apatite, or poly-l-lactic acid that plumps the skin to smooth out wrinkles and fill in furrows, ex at nose, mouth and eyebrows

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18
Q

anti aging treatments- fat transplantation

A

fat from one part of the body is injected into another location ex around the eyes

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19
Q

anti aging treatments- botulinum toxin or botox

A

diluted version of a toxin that is injected into the skin to paralyze skeletal muscles that cause the skin to wrinkle

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20
Q

anti aging treatments- radio frequency nonsurgical facelift

A

use of radio frequency emissions to tighten the deeper layers of the skin of the jowls, neck, sagging eyebrows and eyelids

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21
Q

anti aging treatments- facelift, brow lift or neck lift

A

invasive surgery in which loose skin and fat are removed surgically and the underlying connective tissue and muscle are tightened

22
Q

homeostasis impact on skeletal system

A

-activates vitamin D
- proper absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus to build and maintain bones

23
Q

homeostasis impact on muscular system

A

provide calcium ions that are needed for muscle contraction

24
Q

homeostasis impact on nervous system

A

nerve endings in skin and subcutaneous tissue provide input to brain for touch, pressure, thermal and pain sensations

25
Q

homeostasis impact on endocrine system

A

keratinocytes in skin help activate vitamin D to calcitriol, a hormone that aids absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus

26
Q

homeostasis impact on the cardiovascular system

A

local chemical changes in dermis cause widening and narrowing of skin blood vessels, which helps adjust blood flow to skin

27
Q

homeostasis impact on lymphatic system and immunity

A

-first line of defense in immunity…mechanical barrier and chemical secretions that discourage penetration and growth of microbes
- intraepidermal macrophages in epidermis participate in immune responses by recognizing and processing foreign antigens
- macrophages in dermis phagocytize microbes that penetrate skin surface

28
Q

homeostasis impact on respiratory system

A

hairs in nose filter dust particles from inhaled air
- stimulation of pain nerve endings in skin may alter breathing rate

29
Q

homeostasis impact on digestive system

A

skin helps activate vitamin d to the hormone calcitriol, which promotes absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus in small intestine

30
Q

homeostasis impact on urinary system

A

-kidney cells receive partially activated vitamin d hormone from skin and convert it to calcitriol
- some waste products are excreted from body in sweat, contributing to excretion by urinary system

31
Q

homeostasis impact on reproductive systems

A

-nerve endings in skin and subcutaneous tissue, respond to erotic stimuli…sexual pleasure
- suckling of a baby stimulates nerve endings in skin leading to milk ejection
-mammary glands-modified sweat glands- produce milk
- skin stretches during prego as fetus enlarges

32
Q

homeostasis impact on all body systems

A

-skin and hair provide barriers that protect all internal organs from damaging agents in external environment
- sweat glands and skin blood vessels regulate body temp, needed for proper functioning of other body systems

33
Q

skin cancer

A

exposure to sun, UV damage

34
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

78% of all cancers
stratum basale of the epidermis
nonmelanoma skin cancer

35
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

20% of skin cancers
metastasize
stratum spinosum
nonmelanoma skin cancer

36
Q

malignant melanoma-from what, %?, threatening for, warning signs

A

from melanocytes, 2% of skin cancers
life threatening for young women..tanning beds
warning signs: ABCDE (asymmetrical, border, colour, diameter, evolving)

37
Q

risk factors for skin cancer

A

skin type
sun exposure
family history
age
immunological status

38
Q

impact of UVA rays

A

depress the immune system

39
Q

impact of long term overexposure to sunlight

A

dilated blood vessel, age spots, freckles, changes in skin texture

40
Q

impact of UVB rays

A

do not penetrate as deep as UVA, sunburn and are responsible for most of the tissue damage…causes wrinkling and aging of skin

41
Q

photosensitivity

A

heightened reaction of the skin after consumption of certain meds or substances

42
Q

what do sunscreens do

A

absorb uvb rays not uva

43
Q

what does sunblock do

A

refelct and scatter uva and uvb

44
Q

burns

A

tissue damage cuased by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, corrosive chemicals that denature proteins in the skin cells

45
Q

1st degree burn

A

epidermis, mild pain and redness (erythema)
partial thickness burn

46
Q

2nd degree burn

A

epidermis and dermis
blisters
partial thickness burn

47
Q

3rd degree burn

A

full thickness
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
most skin functions are lost

48
Q

local effect of burn

A

injury to skin tissues directly in contact with damaging agent

49
Q

systemic effects of a burn-threat and why

A

greater threat to life
1. loss of water, plasma, plasma protein-leads to shock
2. bacterial infection
3. reduced circulation of blood
4. decreased urine production
5. diminished immune responses

50
Q

major burn

A

10% of body is 3rd degree burns
25% of body is 2nd degreee
any 3rd degree to face, hand, feet or perineum

*rule of nines

51
Q

pressure ulcers

A

decubitus ulcers…bed sores, constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues
-bedridden patients

anatomy and physiology (18 decks)

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