digestive system Flashcards
alimentary tract (gi tract)
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small/large intestine
rectum
anus
accessory structures
teeth
salivary glands
gall bladder
liver
pancreas
digestive system function
ingest
secretion
mixing and propulsion
digest
absorb
defecation
general plan of tissues of gi tract
mucosa-epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitita (above diaphragm)/ serosa (below diaphragm)
oral cavity
food enters vestibule
- teeth cut/grind it
- saliva moistens and creates a bolus
- swallowed voluntarily
classification of human teeth
incisors: shearing
canines: tearing
premolars and molar: grinding
baby teeth and number
deciduous 20
adult teeth and number
permanent and 32
parts of the tooth
enamel
dentine
cementum
salivary glands
parotid gland
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
function of pharynx and parts
passageway for food and air
3 parts
nasopharynx- air only
oropharynx - food and air
laryngopharynx - food only
function of esophagus
move food from mouth to stomach
function of stomach
digestive process-mechanical and chemical digestion of food and temporary storage
parietal cells
HCl-low ph of 2 and intrinsic factor (vit. b absorption)
chief cells
pepsinogen-cleaves proteins into smaller units
enteroendocrine cells
secrete gastrin (regulates muscular contractions and secretions)
function of small intestine
digestion of fats, proteins and carbs into molecules
-absorption of nutrients
-movement of nondigested remains move to the large intestine…segmentation (mixes chyme with intestinal secretions), peristalsis (moves chyme through the alimentary canal)
parts of small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
ways to increase the surface area of the small intestine
circular folds
villi
microvilli
cells of the pancreas and what do they do
acinar cells-secrete pancreatic enzymes help with breakdown of carbs, lipids, proteins
duct cells: secrete sodium bicarbonate
function of pancreas
endocrine(hormones) and exocrine (digestion and absorption)functions
function, position and number of lobes of liver
4 lobes
-suspended from diaphragm
1. metabolism of carbs/proteins/fats
2. bile production to digest fats
3. storgae of glycogen, vitamins adek and minerals iron, copper
4. synthesis of blood clotting proteins
functions of large intestine and components
- absorbs water, salts and some vitamins
- stores indigestible material until it is eliminated
contains: cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
anal canal
storage and controlled elimination of fecal material
-bacteria, fibre and other indigestible remains
