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COM MSK > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Integument layers

A 
Epidermis
Epithelial layer-ectoderm
Dermis
Layer of CT- mesoderm
Hypodermis
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2
Q

Epidermis is what type of tissue

A

Stratified squamous keratinized

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3
Q

Thin skin

A

Four layers

Glands and hair follicles

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4
Q

Thick skin

A 
Palms and soles
Five layers (w/stratum lucidum)
Fingerprints
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5
Q

Layers of epidermis

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum (thick skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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6
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Predominant cell type of epidermis

Participate in epidermal water barrier

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7
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single layer of keratinocytes with stem cells interspersed
Mitotically active, cuboidal/low columnar cells
Contains melanin
Bound apically by desmosomes and basally by hemidesmosomes

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8
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Typically thickest layer
Keratin filaments assemble into tonofibrils here
Associate with desmosomes and result in spiny appearance of cells

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9
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Filled with keratohyaline granules, lamellar granules-help protect against water loss with keratin

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10
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Anucleate cells coated by EC layer of lipids

15-20 layers of squamous, keratinized cells that shed as desmosomes break down

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11
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only found in thick skin

Thin, translucent, no organelles or nuclei

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin which protects nuclei from UV radiation

One melanocyte maintains an association with around 1- keratinocytes

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13
Q

Langerhans cell

A

Macrophage of epidermis
Identifiable in stratum spinosum
Pale cytoplasm with long processes

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14
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Finger-like projections of the dermis at the dermal-epidermal junction
Increased in size/number at sites of mechanical stress

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15
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer- loose CT below epidermis with vasculature and nerve endings
Reticular layer- dense irregular CT with coarse elastic fibers

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16
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose CT that binds skin loosely to subjacent organs
Adipocytes vary in number and size based on area
Extensive vasculature promotes rapid uptake of insulin or drugs

17
Q

Merkel cells

A

Function as low threshold mechanoreceptors essential for sensing gentle touch
Contain small, Golgi-derived granules near basolateral surface

18
Q

Merkel cell carcinoma

A

Rare, aggressive and difficult to treat

40 times less common that malignant melanoma but 2x mortality rate

19
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Located in the papillary dermis and extending into lower epidermal layers
Respond mainly to high/low temperatures, pain, itching
May also function as tactile receptors

20
Q

Meissners corpuscle

A

Encapsulated receptors responsive to light touch or low frequency stimuli
Numerous in fingertips, palms and soles

21
Q

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

A

Large, encapsulated, oval structures found in the reticular dermis and hypodermis
Specialized for sensing course touch, pressure and vibration
Also found in CT of visceral organs and wall of rectum/bladder

22
Q

Merocrine

A

Secretion delivered via membrane bound vesicles and undergo exocytosis

23
Q

Holocrine

A

Secretion accumulates within and then cell undergoes apoptosis and releases

24
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce lipid mixture via holocrine secretion
Lubricate/soften skin and hair
Abundant on face and scalp

25
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Simple coiled gland with a stratified cuboidal duct
Myoepithelial cells facilitate expulsion of secretions
Merocrine secretion

26
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Large lumen, tubular glands
Duct is stratified cuboidal
Much larger lumen than eccrine sweat glands
Myoepithelial cells facilitate expulsion of secretions
Become functional at puberty
(stupid powerpoint says they use merocrine secretion?)

27
Q

What forms the hair matrix

A

Keratinocytes, divide and differentiate for hair growth

28
Q

Follicular bulge

A

Contains epidermal stem cells near insertion of erector pili muscle

29
Q

How do hair get nutrients

A

Dermal papilla inserts into hair bulb and provides nutrients via capillaries

30
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

A small bundle of smooth muscle that extends from midpoint of hair root to papillary layer of dermis

COM MSK (35 decks)

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