Blood Flashcards
Normal hematocrit
Males- 39-50%
Females- 35-45%
Leukocytes and platelets consist of what % of blood
1% - Erythrocytes are 44%, plasma is 55%
Plasma proteins
Primarily Albumin, Globulins and Fibrinogen
Serum
Blood plasma without clotting factors
Albumin
Main protein component (50%), made in liver
Responsible for concentration gradient b/w blood and EC tissue fluid
Source of colloid osmotic pressure (pulls fluid into blood)
Carrier protein for thyroxine, bilirubin and barbiturates
Globulins
IgM, IgG etc.. y-globulins
a-globulin and b-globulins maintain osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen
Largest plasma protein, made in liver
Involved in formation of platelet plug
Interacts with thrombin to make fibrin which cross links and forms and impermeable net to prevent further blood loss
Erythrocytes
Bind O2 and CO2 for deliver/removal from tissues
120 day lifespan
Reticulocytes
Anucleate, immature RBCs, reflect erythroid proliferation
Will stain blue due to residual ribosomal RNA
They enter circulation, then lose polyribosomes, then mature as RBC
0.5-1% of RBC count
Anemia
Insufficient dietary iron, B12 or folic acid can lead to decreased RBC production
Sickle cell disease
Due to point mutation in b-globulin chain of HbA, Glutamic acid–>Valine
Low O2 or dehydration causes Hb to precipitate and sickling of cells- heterozygotes usually asymptomatic
Makes blood more viscous, RBCs more fragile (20 day lifespan instead of 120
Can pile up and occlude small or large vessels
Jaundice
Results from buildup of bilirubin in blood
Can be caused by destruction of circulating RBCs
Can be common in newborns due to inefficiency of newborn liver
Types of leukocytes listed in highest concentration to lowest
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
Neutrophils
Multi-lobed nucleus, general lack of cytoplasmic staining
Azurophilic granules- lysosomes w/myeloperoxidase
Specific granules- enzymes, complement activators, antimicrobial peptides
Eosinophiols
Abundance of large, acidophilic granules staining intensely pink or red
May mediate chronic inflammation