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COM MSK > Development of the Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neurulation begins when

A

3rd week

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of

A

Cranial and spinal nerves
Ganglia
Enteric plexus
Sensory receptors

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3
Q

Gray matter

A

Location of cell bodies of neurons
Dorsal/posterior horn- sensory
Lateral horn- autonomics/visceromotor
Ventral/anterior horn- motor

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4
Q

White matter

A

Location of axons
Dorsal funiculus- sensory
Lateral funiculus- sensory and motor
Anterior funiculus- primarily motor

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5
Q

Neural tube is caudal or cephalad to fourth pair of somites

A

Caudal

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6
Q

Zones of the spinal cord

A

Ventricular zone- closest to neural canal
Intermediate zone
Marginal zone- around the edge of spinal cord furthest from canal

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7
Q

Neuroepithelium/neuroectoderm gives rise to what types of cells

A

Apolor neuroblast- axons/dendrites
Glioblast- astrocytes/oligodendrocytes
Ependyma- epithelium of choroid plexus

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8
Q

Position of spinal cord in third month in utero, at birth, and as an adult

A

3rd month in utero- End of sacrum
Birth- L2/3
Adult- L1/2

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9
Q

High BMP levels and spinal cord formation

A

High BMP levels activate PAX3/7- for sensory neuron differentiation at alar plate

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10
Q

High SHH levels and spinal cord formation

A

High SHH levels activate NKX2.2/6.1- ventral neuron formation at basal plate

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11
Q

Where are levels of SHH/BMP high/low

A

Dorsal- high BMP low SHH

Ventral- high SHH low BMP

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12
Q

What forms the peripheral nervous system

A

Neural crest and ectodermal placode

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13
Q

What cells develop from the neural tube

A

Motor neurons

Pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons

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14
Q

What cells develop from neural crest

A 
Neurons of dorsal root ganglia
Sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
Schwann cells
Sympathetic ganglia/post-ganglion cells
Parasympathetic ganglia/post-ganglion cells
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15
Q

Dorsal ramus of segmental spinal nerve function

A

Motor to dorsal muscles

Sensory to dorsal integument

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16
Q

Ventral ramus of segmental spinal nerve function

A

Motor to limbs, lateral and ventral body wall

Sensory to integument of same regions

17
Q

Ramus communicantes of segmental spinal nerve function

A

Motor and sensory to viscera

18
Q

General visceral efferent function

A

Autonomics to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

19
Q

Special visceral efferent function

A

Muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

20
Q

General somatic afferent function

A

Sensory in skin, joint capsule, tendon, muscle (ectoderm)

21
Q

General visceral afferent function

A

Sensory of visceral structures (endoderm)

22
Q

Special somatic afferent function

A

Hearing, balance and sight

23
Q

Special visceral afferent function

A

Taste/smell: chemical senses

24
Q

Efferent somatic vs visceral

A

Somatic- motor fibers ending on skeletal muscle

Visceral- motor fibers ending on autonomic ganglion cells, which in turn control smooth muscle/cardiac muscle and glands

25
Q

Afferent sensory somatic vs visceral

A

Somatic- sensory fibers from integument

Visceral- sensory fibers from viscera

26
Q

What structure is responsible for formation of pre-ganglion cells

A

Neuroectoderm

27
Q

Pre vs post ganglionic myelination in sympathetic nervous system

A

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves are myelinated while post ganglionic are not

28
Q

What neurotransmitter is/are used for sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic motor neurons

A

Preganglionic use Acetylcholine

Postganglionic use NE

29
Q

Where is the sympathetic nervous system located in the spinal cord

A

Thoraco-lumbar region

30
Q

Where is the parasympathetic nervous system located in the spinal cord

A

Cranial-sacral region

31
Q

How many cranial ganglia are there

A

4

32
Q

What neurotransmitters are used in parasympathetic pre/post ganglion nerves

A

Both use acetylcholine Maybe?

33
Q

What cells are responsible for myelination in CNS and PNS and when does it occur

A

CNS- oligodendrocytes- form during late fetal period or 6th month through puberty?
PNS- schwann cells
Motor roots myelinated before sensory roots
4th month

34
Q

What gives rise to microglial cells

A

Mesenchymal cells

COM MSK (35 decks)

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