Foot Flashcards
Medial longitudinal arch formed by
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
1-3rd cuneiforms, metatarsals, proximal, medial, distal phalanges
Lateral longitudinal arch formed by
Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th and 5th metatarsal, proximal, medial and distal phalanges
Transverse arch formed by
Cuboid, all 3 cuneiforms
Metatarsal bases
Dorsal fascia
Continuous with extensor retinaculum
Dorsalis pedis artery and deep fibular nerve emerge beneath the inferior border of the extensor retinaculum
Plantar aponeurosis
Longitudinal band of dense CT
Distally divides into 5 bands enclosing digital tendons
Supports longitudinal foot arch
Plantar fasciitis
Caused by running, high-impact exercise, worn out shoes, obesity
Inflammation at proximal attachment near the heel
Pain worse after sitting or getting out of bed in morning
Can lead to calcaneal spur especially from medial calcaneal tubercle
Dorsal muscles include what and are innervated by what
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Deep fibular nerve from the common fibular from sciatic
First layer plantar muscles
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
These muscles extend from the calcaneus to the phalanges
Plantar second layer muscles
Quadratus plantae- joins tendons of FDL to calcaneus
Assists in flexing lateral 4 digits
Lumbricals- originate from FDL tendons, flex MP joints and extend PIP/DIP joints
FDL and FHL tendons found here but aren’t considered 2nd layer muscles
Plantar third layer muscles
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis transverse/oblique head
Flexor hallucis brevis
Plantar fourth layer muscles
3 plantar interossei
4 dorsal interossei
Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons found here
Hallux valgus
Lateral deviation of great toe
Tissue surrounding deviated area swells leading to friction, causing bursa to form and be inflamed, and that inflamed bursa is called a bunion
Corns
Inflamed area with thickened skin over proximal interphalangeal joints, caused by hallux valgus
Mallet toe
Flexion in distal IP joint
Hammer toe
Extension at MP joint and flexion at proximal IP joint
Usually of second digit
Claw toe
Extension at MP joint and flexion at both the proximal and distal IP joints
Usually involves lateral four toes
Trigger toe
Extension of the MP and flexion of the IP in large toe
Lateral branch of deep fibular nerve innervates
Intrinsic dorsal foot muscles
Lateral plantar nerve path
Passes deep to abductor hallucis
Runs anterolaterally deep to flexor digitorum brevis
Terminates by dividing into common/proper plantar digital nerves
Medial plantar nerve path
Passes deep to abductor hallucis
Runs anteriorly b/w abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Divides into common/proper plantar digital nerves near metatarsal bases
Lateral plantar nerve innervates
Abductor digiti minimi Quadratus plantae Lateral 3 lumbricals Adductor hallucis (deep branch) Flexor digitorum minimi brevis (superficial branch) Interossei Supplies plantar skin
Medial plantar nerve innervates
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Medial one lumbrical Flexor hallucis brevis Supplies plantar skin
Lateral plantar artery path
Branch from posterior tibial artery
Runs with lateral plantar nerve superficial to quadratus plantae
Gives rise to 3-6th plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries
Ends by joining deep plantar artery from dorsalis pedis artery to form plantar arterial arch
Medial plantar artery path
From posterior tibial artery
Runs with medial plantar nerve
Passes distally b/w abductor hallucis and FDB
Gives rise to medial 1st and 2nd plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries
Lymph of the feet
Infections in the foot will drain to the popliteal lymph nodes
Deep fibular nerve innervates
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
