Innate and Adaptive Immunity 1 Flashcards
immune system
the tissues, cells, and molecules involved in adaptive immunity, or sometimes the totality of host defense mechanisms
innate immune system
the component of the immune system in animals that is genetically determined and is nonspecific, as distinguished from the adaptive immune system
elements of the innate immune system include (6)
mucous secretions complement proteins
certain white blood cells (neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells)
Adaptive immune system
the component of the vertebrate immune system involving lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) containing a small number of genetically encoded proteins that combine to produce an enormous variety of proteins capable of recognizing and deactivating specific antigens
categories of disease causing microorganisms (4)
viruses
bacteria
pathogenic fungi
parasites
The early phases of the host response to infection depend on — —
innate immunity
The early phases of the host response to infection depend on innate immunity in which a variety of innate resistance mechanisms (2)
recognize and respond to the presence of a pathogen
innate immunity utilizes invariant receptors that recognize
common features of pathogens
Innate immunity is present in all individuals at all times, does not increase with repeated
exposure to a given pathogen
innate immunity discriminates between
a group of related pathogens
The adaptive immune response or adaptive immunity is the response of
antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen, including the development of immunological memory
Adaptive immune responses are generated by
clonal selection of lymphocytes
Adaptive immune responses are distinct from innate and nonadaptive phases of immunity, which are not mediated by
clonal selection of antigen-specific lymphocytes
Adaptive immune responses are also known as
acquired immune responses
In many cases adaptive immune responses lead to immunologic memory which confers
lifelong protective immunity to reinfection by the same pathogen
innate immunity (immediate, 0-4 hours) (3)
infection
recognition by preformed, non specific and beadily specific effectors
removal of infectious agent
early induced innate response (early, 4-96 hours) (4)
infection
recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns
inflammation recruitment and activation of effector cells
removal of infectious agent
adaptive immune response (late: >96 hours) (5)
infection transport of antigen to lymphoid organs recognition by naive B and T cells clonal expansion and differentiation of effector cells removal of infectious agent
major cells of the innate immunity include (5)
macrophages granulocytes mast cells dendritic cells natural killer (NK) cells
activated function of macrophages (2)
phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
antigen presentation
where are macrophages present?
all tissues
macrophages are the mature form of
monocytes
macrophages orchestrate immune responses and help induce
inflammation
what do macrophages secrete
signaling proteins that activate other immune cells
macrophages are the general — cells in the body
scavenger
what receptors for microbial constituents are present on macrophages? (6)
mannose recept LPS receptor TLR2 TLR4 gluten receptor scavenger receptor
activated function of neutrophils
phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
most numerous immune cell
neutrophils
neutrophils. are most important in
innate immune responses
eosinophil active function
killing of antibody coated parasites
activated function of basophils
unknown
basophils and eosinophils release granules when activated that contain a
variety of enzymes and toxic proteins