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HECOL 210 > Influential Theories #2 > Flashcards

Influential Theories #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Social Exchange theory?

A

A theory that focuses on how partners evaluate their relationship based on rewards and costs.

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2
Q

Within social exchange theory what is a reward?

A

They can be material, or non-material (like social standing)

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3
Q

Is social exchange theory interpersonal or Intrapersonal?

A

It is highly interpersonal.

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4
Q

in social exchange theory what is a cost?

A

Are both material and non-material (missing out on other opportunists because one is with their partner)

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5
Q

Within social exchange theory what is the equation for outcome?

A

Outcome = Rewards - cost

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6
Q

What is “comparison level” within social exchange theory?

A

Comparison level is how someone views their relationship when compared to what they expect in their relationship.

If the outcome of the relationship is better than they expected ( their comparison level) then they are satisfied with their relationship

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7
Q

Within social exchange theory, what is the equation for Satisfaction?

A

Satisfaction = outcome - CL

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8
Q

What is CLalt?

A

The comparison level for alternatives .

Their relationship compared to what they think they could get.

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9
Q

If a persons Outcome is better than their CLalt, what are they?

A

Dependent on the relationship.

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10
Q

What is the equation for Dependency within social exchange theory

A

Dependency = outcome - CLalt

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11
Q

Within social exchange theory, High satisfaction and high dependence results in?

A

attached and mutually committed relationships.

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12
Q

Within social exchange theory, High satisfaction and low dependence results

A

Uncommitted lovers

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13
Q

Within social exchange theory, low satisfaction and high dependence results

A

Abusive relationships; “Empty shell” marriages

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14
Q

Within social exchange theory, low satisfaction and low dependence results

A

Strangers; pairs that are now dissolved.

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15
Q

Within social exchange theory, is being committed and satisfied within a relationship the same?

A

No, you can be one or both.

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16
Q

Within social exchange theory, what is the equation for Commitment?

A

Commitment = satisfaction + Dependence

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17
Q

When taking investment into account, what is the equation for Commitment within social exchange theory

A

Commitment = investment + satisfaction + dependence.

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18
Q

What is the major pro towards social exchange theory

A

It is very simple, being able to boil love down to a mathematical equation.

It is also present tense.

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19
Q

What are some of the flaws around social exchange theory?

A
  • Focus on forces outside the relationship (unit investment model)
  • Does not provide an idea of how relationships change over time. How do the costs of relationships evolve overt time?
20
Q

Is social Learning Theory rooted in the past, present, or future?

A

Present.

21
Q

What is social Learning Theory?

A

It evaluates the behaviors of partners exchanges, and whether they are rewarded for those behaviors.

22
Q

Is social Learning Theory inter or intra personal?

A

Interpersonal

23
Q

What is the main postulation within social Learning Theory?

A

Partners are likely to repeat behaviors that were rewarded.

24
Q

What was social Learning Theory born from?

A

Operant conditioning.

25
Q

What are the three steps of behaviour within social Learning Theory? ( Circular diagram )

A
  • Couples exchange positive and negative behaviors.
  • Couples learn from each interaction about the quality of the relationship.
  • The accumulation of experiences in specific interactions either builds up satisfaction, or wears it down changing how……(bakc to the top)
26
Q

Why do couples engage in negative behavior?

A

social Learning Theory suggests that people will engage in negative behavior in order to get a reward.

27
Q

Coercion theory:

A

People get their partner to pay attention by engaging in negative behaviors like yelling and screaming.

28
Q

Escape conditioning:

A

People are able to stop an uncomfortable interaction, such as a fight by engaging in behaviors like storming out of the room crying.

29
Q

How do relationships evolve according to social Learning Theory?

A

Over time, people learn about their relationships through looking back on their partners behavior, making appraisals about how their partner is likely to respond.

30
Q

Over time, if negative behaviors continue within a relationship what will happen?

A

People less positively about their relationship, and begin to engage in Negative reciprocity.

31
Q

What is Negative reciprocity?

A

actions that have a negative effect upon someone else is reciprocated with an action that has approximately equal negative effect upon another.

32
Q

What is a major pro for social Learning Theory

A

It is the first theory to make the couple the focus.

Some of the most influential scholars use this theory

This has the most popular appeal among the other theories.

33
Q

What are some other Pro’s of social Learning Theory?

A
  • Present focused

- Explains how couples interact, but they are likely other influences as well.

34
Q

What are some of the cons of Social learning theory?

A
  • Accounts for change in only one direction.

Fails to explain how some couples have ups and downs while other don’t

35
Q

social ecological model looks at what aspect of a relationship?

A

Broader contexts such as the world around them, and the things that happen in the world.

36
Q

What is one of the most important acknowledgements within social ecological model?

A

Intimate relationships exist in the real world and are influenced by real world happenings.

37
Q

Is social ecological model a single theory?

A

No, it is a collection of theories.

38
Q

What three levels are looked at within the social ecological model?

A
  • Microsystem
    • Friends, family, living conditions
  • Mesosystem
    • Culture, religion, neighborhood
  • Macrosystem
    • Nationality, history, global conditionsq.
39
Q

What is the ABC-X model?

A

A = Stressor: may be positive or negitive

B= Resources: financial, emotional, social

C= Perception of the stressor Negative or positive

X= Crisis: How the stressor is experienced and responded to.

40
Q

What three areas are most heavily studied within Social ecological Theory?

A
  • Intimate relationships among military couples
  • Transitions to parenthood
  • Air Traffic Controllers.
41
Q

What are some of the pros of Social Ecological Theory?

A
  • Addresses context of the larger environment.

- Provides an understanding of how relationships change over time.

42
Q

What is one of the limitations of Social Ecological theory?

A

They specify there are links between environment and intimate relationships, but are less specific about the mechanisms

43
Q

What Theory best addresses mate preference

A

Evolutionary theory

44
Q

What Theory best addresses Partner perception?

A

Attachment theory

45
Q

What theory best addresses Stability and satisfaction within a relationship.

A

Social exchange theory

46
Q

What theory best addresses behavior?

A

Social learning theory

47
Q

What theory best addresses the broader relationship context including stressors

A

Social ecological theory

HECOL 210 (23 decks)

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