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NAPLEX 2022 > Infectious Diseases - PART 1 > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases - PART 1 Flashcards

Abx intro, Beta Lactams

1
Q

HYDROPHILLIC ANTIBIOTICS

A

BETA LACTAMS
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
GLYCOPEPTIDES
DAPTOMYCIN
POLYMIXIN

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2
Q

LIPOPHILIC ANTIBIOTICS

A

QUINOLONES
MACROLIDES
RIFAMPIN
LINEZOLID
TETRACYCLINES

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3
Q

HYDROPHILIC ABX CHARACTERISTICS
(V, CL, CONC LEVEL, SEPSIS, F)

A
  • SMALL Vd = POOR TISSUE PENETRATION
  • RENAL EXCRETION - DOSE ADJUST
  • LOW INTRACELL CONC = NOT ACTIVE AGAINST ATYPICAL
  • ↑CL AND DISTRIBUTION = LD + AGGRESSIVE DOSING
  • LOW = NOT USED PO OR IV:PO NOT 1:1
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4
Q

LIPOPHILIC ABX CHARACTERISTICS
(V, CL, CONC LEVEL, SEPSIS, F)

A
  • LARGE Vd = GOOD PENETRATION
  • HEPATIC CL = DDI AND TOXICITY
  • HIGH = ACTIVE AGAINST ATYPICAL
  • MINIMAL CHANGE TO CL/D = NO DOSE ADJUSTMENT FOR SEPSIS
  • EXCELLENT = IV:PO = 1:1
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5
Q

ABX CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES
QUINOLONES
DAPTOMYCIN

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6
Q

EXPOSURE DEPENDENT ABX

A

VANCOMYCIN
MACROLIDES
TETRACYCLINES
POLYMIXINS

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7
Q

TIME DEPENDENT ABX

A

BETALACTAMS

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8
Q

NATURAL PENICILLIN COVERAGE

A

GPC (NO STAPH)
GP ANAEROBES (MOUTH FLORA)
NO GN

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9
Q

ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS COVERAGE

A

GPC (STREP, MSSA, NO ENTEROCOCCI)
NO GN
NO ANAEROBES

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10
Q

AMINOPENICILLINS COVERAGE

A

GPC (STREP, ENTEROCOCCI)
GP ANAEROBES (MOUTH FLORA)
GN (HFLU, NEISSERIA, PROTEUS, ECOLI)

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11
Q

AMINOPENICILLINS + BETALACTAMASE INHIBITORS COVERAGE

A

AMINOPENICILLIN COVERAGE PLUS
MSSA
HNPEK
GN ANAEROBES (BFRAG)

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12
Q

PIP/TAZO COVERAGE

A

AMINOPENICILLIN/BLI COVERAGE PLUS

INCLUDES MORE GN BACTERIA (CAPES) AND PSEUDOMONAS

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13
Q

HNPEK

A

HAEMOPHILUS
NEISSERIA
PROTEUS
ECOLI
KLEBSIELLA

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14
Q

CAPES

A

CITROBACTER
ACTINOBACTER
PROVIDENCIA
ENTEROBACTER
SERRATIA

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15
Q

PEK

A

GN RODS
PROTEUS
ECOLI
KLEBSIELLA

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16
Q

1ST GEN CEPHALOSPORINS COVERAGE

A

EXCELLENT GPC (STREP AND MSSA)
SOME GNR (PEK) BUT NOT GREAT

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17
Q

2ND GEN CEPHALOSPORINS COVERAGE

A

CEFUROXIME
STAPH
STREP PNEUMO
HNPEK

CEFOTETAN - ADDS GN ANAEROBE

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18
Q

3RD GEN CEPHALOSPORINS COVERAGE: GROUP 1

A

RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCI
MSSA
GP ANAEROBES (MOUTH)
RESISTANT HNPEK

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19
Q

3RD GEN CEPHALOSPORINS COVERAGE: GROUP 2

A

NO GPC
PSEUDOMONAS

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20
Q

4TH GEN CEPHALOSPORINS COVERAGE

A

BROAD GN (HNPEK, CAPES, PSEUDOMONAS)
GPC (RESISTANT STREP, MSSA)
GP ANAEROBES (MOUTH)

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21
Q

5TH GEN CEPHALOSPORINS COVERAGE

A

BROAD GP
ONLY BETALACTAM TO COVER MRSA

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22
Q

WHICH BETA LACTAM IS THE ONLY ONE TO COVER MRSA

A

CEFTAROLINE

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23
Q

ADDING BETALATAMASE INHIBITORS TO CEPHALOSPORINS ADDS WHAT COVERAGE?

A

MDR PSEUDOMONAS
MDR GNR

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24
Q

1ST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS (FORMULATION)

A

CEFAZOLIN (IV/IM)
CEPHALEXIN (PO)

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25
Q

2ND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS (FORMULATION)

A

CEFUROXIME (PO/IV/IM)
CEFOTETAN (IV/IM)

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26
Q

3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS GROUP 1 (FORMULATION)

A

CEFDINIR (PO)
CEFTRIAXONE (IV/IM)
CEFOTAXIME (IV/IM)
CEFIXIME (PO)
CEFPODOXIME (PO)

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27
Q

3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS GROUP 2 (FORMULATION)

A

CEFTAZIDIME (IV/IM)

28
Q

4TH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS (FORMULATION)

A

CEFEPIME (IV/IM)

29
Q

5TH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS (FORMULATION)

A

CEFTAROLINE

30
Q

CEPHALOSPORIN IV COMPATIBILITY?

A

CEFTRIAXONE CAN FORM INSOLUBLE PRECIPITATES WITH CA CONTAINING IV FLUIDS

31
Q

WHICH CEPHALOSPORIN DOES NOT NEED RENAL ADJUSTMENT?

A

CEFTRIAXONE

32
Q

WHICH CEPHALOSPORIN CAN CAUSE A DISULFIRAM-LIKE REACTION?

33
Q

COMMON USE: CEPHALEXIN

A

SKIN INFECTIONS (MSSA)
STREP THROAT

34
Q

COMMON USE: CEFUROXIME

A

AOM
CAP OUTPATIENT
SINUS INFECTIONS

35
Q

COMMON USE: CEFDINIR

A

CAP OUTPATIENT
SINUS INFECTIONS

36
Q

COMMON USE: CEFAZOLIN

A

SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS

37
Q

COMMON USE: CEFOTETAN AND CEFOXITIN

A

SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS

38
Q

COMMON USE: CEFTRIAXONE AND CEFOTAXIME

A

CAP INPATIENT
MENINGITIS
SBP
PYELONEPHRITIS

39
Q

COMMON USE: CEFTAZIDIME AND CEFEPIME

A

PSEUDOMONAS

40
Q

COMMON USE: CEFTAROLINE

A

MRSA
CAP INPATIENT
SKIN TISSUE INFECTION

41
Q

COMMON USE: PENICILLIN VK

A

STREP THROAT
MILD NONPURULENT SKIN INFECTION

42
Q

COMMON USE: AMOXICILLIN

A

AOM

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS PROPHYLAXIS PRIOR TO DENTAL PROCEDURE

43
Q

AMOXICILLIN PEDIATRIC DOSE

A

80-90 MG/KG/DAY

44
Q

COMMON USE: PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE

45
Q

HOW IS PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE ADMINISTERED

A

IM ONLY

CAN CAUSE DEATH IF IV

46
Q

WHICH PENICILLIN IS ACTIVE AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS

A

PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM

47
Q

WHICH SCENARIO WOULD ONE USE PENICILLIN IN PT WITH PENICILLIN ALLERGY?

A

SYPHILLIS IN PREGNANCY

DESENSITIZE AND TREAT

48
Q

PENICILLIN IV COMPATIBILITY?

A

IV AMPICILLIN MUST BE DILUTED IN NS ONLY

49
Q

CARBAPENEM COVERAGE

A

MOST GP, GN (INCLUDING ESBL AND PSEUDOMONAS) AND ANAEROBIC

NO COVERAGE TO ATYPICAL, MRSA, VRE

50
Q

WHICH CARBAPENEM IS AN EXCEPTION FROM THE OTHERS AND WHY?

A

ERTAPENEM

NO ACTIVITY AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS, ENTEROCOCCUS, ACITENOBACTER

EAP - PEA

51
Q

CARBAPENEM IV COMPATIBILITY?

A

ERTAPENEM IS ONLY STABLE IN NS

52
Q

WHAT DO CARBAPENEMS NOT COVER?

A

ATYPICALS
VRE
MRSA
C DIFF

53
Q

MONOBACTAM AGENTS

54
Q

CAN AZTREONAM BE USED IN PCN ALLERGY?

55
Q

AZTREONAM COVERAGE

A

GN (INCLUDING PSEUDOMONAS)

NO GP OR ANAEROBIC COVERAGE

56
Q

NATURAL PENICILLIN AGENTS

A

PENICILLIN V POTASSIUM
PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE

57
Q

ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS

A

DICLOXACILLIN
NAFCILLIN
OXACILLIN

58
Q

AMINOPENICILLIN AGENTS
(BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR COUNTERPART)

A

AMOXICILLIN (+CLAVULANATE)
AMPICILLIN (+SULBACTAM)

59
Q

EXTENDED SPECTRUM PENICILLIN AGENT

A

PIPERACILLIN TAZOBACTAM

60
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR AMOXICILLIN

A

SEVERE RENAL IMPAIRMENT (CRCL <30)
DO NOT USE ER FORMS OR THE 875 MG STRENGTH OF AUGMENTIN

61
Q

BETA LACTAM SIDE EFFECT (SHARED AMONG ALL THE CLASSES)

A
  • SEIZURES (IF NOT DOSE ADJUSTED)
  • GI UPSET, DIARRHEA
  • RASH, SJS/TENS, ALLERGIC REACTION
  • HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (POSITIVE COOMBS TEST)
62
Q

CAUTION WITH NAFCILLIN

A

VESSICANT
- IF EXTRAVASATION OCCURS, USE COLD PACKS AND HYALURONIDASE

63
Q

WHICH PENICILLIN CLASS DOES NOT NEED TO BE RENAL DOSE ADJUSTED?

A

ANTISTAPH PENICILLINS
(DICLOXACILLIN, NAFCILLIN, OXACILLIN)

64
Q

CEFTRIAXONE CONTRAINDICATION

A
  • HYPERBILIRUBINEMIC NEONATES
  • CONCURRENT USE WITH CA CONTAINING IV PRODUCTS IN NEONATES
65
Q

CEFOTETAN WARNING

A

SIDE CHAIN CAN ↑ RISK OF BLEEDING AND CAUSE DISULFIRAM REACTION

66
Q

CEFTAZIDIME/AVIBACTAM COMBO (AVYCAZ) COVERAGE

A

ALSO HAS ACTIVITY AGAINST CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (CRE)

NAPLEX 2022 (37 decks)

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