Infection Control

Question 1

the rapid onset, short term initial stage of disease; opposite of chronic

Answer 1

acute

Question 2

destroying or stopping the growth of bacteria

Answer 2

antibacterial

Question 3

destructive to or preventing the development of microorganisms; an agent that destroys or prevents the development of microorganisms

Answer 3

antimicrobial

Question 4

sterility; condition free from germs and any form of life

Answer 4

asepsis

Question 5

a disease where the body produces a defective immunological response against itself; immune system produces antibodies against normal parts of the body to such an extent as to cause tissue injury

Answer 5

autoimmune disorder

Question 6

reproductive cells, usually unicellular, produced by plants and some protozoa; remarkably resistant to heat, drying, and the action of disinfectants

Answer 6

bacterial spores

Question 7

transmitted through direct blood-to-blood contact, such as by sharing needles or through a blood transfusion

Answer 7

bloodborne

Question 8

federal agency that establishes guidelines and makes recommendations for ensuring public health

Answer 8

Centers for Disease Controls (CDC)

Question 9

long term or persistent disease; opposite of acute

Answer 9

chronic

Question 10

communicable; transmitted readily from one person to another either directly or indirectly; refers to organisms that cause disease

Answer 10

contagious

Question 11

rendered impure; soiled, stained, polluted; rendered unfit for use through introduction of a substance that is harmful or injurous

Answer 11

contaminated

Question 12

to use physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious materias on a surface or item so that they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles; surface is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal

Answer 12

decontaminated

Question 13

an infection that occurs when bacteria travel from a site where they were harmless to a site where they cause infection

Answer 13

endogenous infection

Question 14

devices that isolate or remove bloodborne pathogen hazards from the workplace; examples include sharps containers, hand washing facilities, eyewash stations, and labels

Answer 14

engineering controls

Question 15

report that details the contact between the eye, the mouth, other mucous membranes, nonintact skin, or other parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious material that results from the performance of job duties

Answer 15

exposure incident report

Question 16

process of becoming immune or rendering a person immune to a pathogen

Answer 16

immunization

Question 17

tissue damage due to repeated physical contact to the tissue

Answer 17

mechanical irritation

Question 18

branch of biology that studies microscopic organisms, some of which can be infectious, and their effects on humans

Answer 18

microbiology

Question 19

membrane that lines a passage or cavity that communicates with the air. consits of a surface layer of epithelium, a basement membrane, and an underlying layer of connective tissue. mucous secreting cells or glands are present in the epithelium but may be absent

Answer 19

mucous membranes

Question 20

infection acquired in a hospital or other health care environment as the result of medical treatment

Answer 20

nosocomoidal infection

Question 21

reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or potential contact with blood or OPIM that may result from the performance of an employee’s job duties

Answer 21

occupational exposure

Question 22

bacteria that will not cause harm when on a healthy host, but once they have entered the skin and the chain of infection is not broken, they can cause infection and disease

Answer 22

oppurtunistic bacteria

Question 23

any living thing, plant, or animal; may be unicellular or multicellular

Answer 23

organism

Question 24

human body fluids, and situations where it is impossible to differentiate between body fluids

Answer 24

other potentially infectious material (OPIM)

Question 25

describes the risks involved in piercing a mucous membrane or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, bites, cuts, and abrasions

Answer 25

parenteral hazards

Question 26

microorganism or substance capable of producing diseases

Answer 26

pathogen

Question 27

microorganisms that are often present on the surface of the human body

Answer 27

resident microorganisms

Question 28

plan for avoiding potential exposure and for dealing with it should exposure occur

Answer 28

safety plan

Question 29

any object that can penetrate the skin

Answer 29

sharp

Question 30

precautions like wearing PPE to protect skin and mucous membranes where contact with a client’s blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely; workers have to assum that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk

Answer 30

standard precautions

Question 31

microorganisms that travel easily on hands, clothing, or inanimate objects; removed through hand washing and proper cleaning and disinfection of work areas

Answer 31

transient microorganisms

Question 32

techniques, methods, and practices to minimize the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious materials

Answer 32

work practice controls

Question 33

type of hepatitis that is generally contracted from eating food contaminated with the virus, usually through fecal material and poor infection control practices

Answer 33

Hepatitis A Virus

Question 34

type of hepatitis that is more serious and often spread by body fluids or sexual contact; can be contracted through kissing

Answer 34

Hepatitis B Virus

Question 35

type of hepatitis that is sometimes associated with HIV infection; acquired from blood transfusions and introvenous drug use

Answer 35

Hepatitis C Virus

Question 36

type of hepatitis that only developes in people who are positive for HBV

Answer 36

Hepatitis D Virus

Question 37

1. the infectious agent
2. the resevoire where the agent resides
3. portal of exit, from which the agent moves out of the resevoire
4. mode of transmission
5. portal of entry, by which the agent enters a new body
6. susceptible host to infect

Answer 37

the chain of infection

Question 38

what temperature has to be maintained to ensure all organisms have been killed in an autoclave?

Answer 38

274 degrees F; 134 degrees C

Question 39

what has to be on the label of packages containing sterilized items?

Answer 39

description of package contents
initials of package assembler
lot control number
date of sterilization

Question 40

common reasons for OSHA inspections?

Answer 40

immediate danger to employees
fatality or accident has occurred in which 3+ employees were injured
complaint was filed
random inspection but associated with risk factors