Infection Control Flashcards
the rapid onset, short term initial stage of disease; opposite of chronic
acute
destroying or stopping the growth of bacteria
antibacterial
destructive to or preventing the development of microorganisms; an agent that destroys or prevents the development of microorganisms
antimicrobial
sterility; condition free from germs and any form of life
asepsis
a disease where the body produces a defective immunological response against itself; immune system produces antibodies against normal parts of the body to such an extent as to cause tissue injury
autoimmune disorder
reproductive cells, usually unicellular, produced by plants and some protozoa; remarkably resistant to heat, drying, and the action of disinfectants
bacterial spores
transmitted through direct blood-to-blood contact, such as by sharing needles or through a blood transfusion
bloodborne
federal agency that establishes guidelines and makes recommendations for ensuring public health
Centers for Disease Controls (CDC)
long term or persistent disease; opposite of acute
chronic
communicable; transmitted readily from one person to another either directly or indirectly; refers to organisms that cause disease
contagious
rendered impure; soiled, stained, polluted; rendered unfit for use through introduction of a substance that is harmful or injurous
contaminated
to use physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious materias on a surface or item so that they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles; surface is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal
decontaminated
an infection that occurs when bacteria travel from a site where they were harmless to a site where they cause infection
endogenous infection
devices that isolate or remove bloodborne pathogen hazards from the workplace; examples include sharps containers, hand washing facilities, eyewash stations, and labels
engineering controls
report that details the contact between the eye, the mouth, other mucous membranes, nonintact skin, or other parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious material that results from the performance of job duties
exposure incident report
process of becoming immune or rendering a person immune to a pathogen
immunization
tissue damage due to repeated physical contact to the tissue
mechanical irritation
branch of biology that studies microscopic organisms, some of which can be infectious, and their effects on humans
microbiology
membrane that lines a passage or cavity that communicates with the air. consits of a surface layer of epithelium, a basement membrane, and an underlying layer of connective tissue. mucous secreting cells or glands are present in the epithelium but may be absent
mucous membranes
infection acquired in a hospital or other health care environment as the result of medical treatment
nosocomoidal infection
reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or potential contact with blood or OPIM that may result from the performance of an employee’s job duties
occupational exposure
bacteria that will not cause harm when on a healthy host, but once they have entered the skin and the chain of infection is not broken, they can cause infection and disease
oppurtunistic bacteria
any living thing, plant, or animal; may be unicellular or multicellular
organism
human body fluids, and situations where it is impossible to differentiate between body fluids
other potentially infectious material (OPIM)
describes the risks involved in piercing a mucous membrane or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, bites, cuts, and abrasions
parenteral hazards
microorganism or substance capable of producing diseases
pathogen
microorganisms that are often present on the surface of the human body
resident microorganisms
plan for avoiding potential exposure and for dealing with it should exposure occur
safety plan
any object that can penetrate the skin
sharp
precautions like wearing PPE to protect skin and mucous membranes where contact with a client’s blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely; workers have to assum that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk
standard precautions
microorganisms that travel easily on hands, clothing, or inanimate objects; removed through hand washing and proper cleaning and disinfection of work areas
transient microorganisms
techniques, methods, and practices to minimize the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious materials
work practice controls
type of hepatitis that is generally contracted from eating food contaminated with the virus, usually through fecal material and poor infection control practices
Hepatitis A Virus
type of hepatitis that is more serious and often spread by body fluids or sexual contact; can be contracted through kissing
Hepatitis B Virus
type of hepatitis that is sometimes associated with HIV infection; acquired from blood transfusions and introvenous drug use
Hepatitis C Virus
type of hepatitis that only developes in people who are positive for HBV
Hepatitis D Virus
- the infectious agent
- the resevoire where the agent resides
- portal of exit, from which the agent moves out of the resevoire
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry, by which the agent enters a new body
- susceptible host to infect
the chain of infection
what temperature has to be maintained to ensure all organisms have been killed in an autoclave?
274 degrees F; 134 degrees C
what has to be on the label of packages containing sterilized items?
description of package contents
initials of package assembler
lot control number
date of sterilization
common reasons for OSHA inspections?
immediate danger to employees
fatality or accident has occurred in which 3+ employees were injured
complaint was filed
random inspection but associated with risk factors
