Anatomy and Physiology: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

nongranular white blood cells

Answer 1

agranulocytes

Question 2

a grouping of certain water soluble proteins such as those found in blood or egg whites

Answer 2

albumin

Question 3

the connection point of different parts of a branching network

Answer 3

anastomosis

Question 4

a condition characterized by a deficiency in iron

Answer 4

anemia

Question 5

the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood

Answer 5

atria

Question 6

the heart valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle that regulates blood backflow between the two chambers

Answer 6

bicuspid valve

Question 7

the force exerted by circulation of the blood on the walls of blood vessels

Answer 7

blood pressure

Question 8

the system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart adn blood vessels; aka circulatory system

Answer 8

cardiovascular system

Question 9

specific proteins that act together in clotting; defects in specific protein changes result in clotting conditions like hemophilia

Answer 9

clotting factors

Question 10

the condition of formerly oxygen-rich blood routed back to the heart, via the veins, after its nutrient load has been distributed

Answer 10

deoxygenated

Question 11

part of the normal rhythm of the heart during which the heart chambers fill with blood

Answer 11

diastole

Question 12

ions required by cells to regulate the electric charge and flow of water molecules across the cell membrane

Answer 12

electrolytes

Question 13

the inner layer of the pericardium, which has direct contact with the heart

Answer 13

epicardium

Question 14

red or white blood cells or platelets separated from the fluid part of the blood

Answer 14

formed elements

Question 15

any condition that affects the performance of the heart or the cardiovascular system

Answer 15

heart disease

Question 16

1. disorder characterized by deficiences of clotting factors reducing the blood’s ability to clot
2. a recessive genetic disorder occuring almost exclusively in men and boys in which the blood clots much more slowly than normal, resulting in extensive bleeding from even minor injuries

Answer 16

hemophilia

Question 17

an elevated body temperature

Answer 17

hyperthemia

Question 18

lowering of the body temperature below 95 degrees F

Answer 18

hypothermia

Question 19

deficiency in the blood’s ability to transport oxygen

Answer 19

hypoxia

Question 20

a disease of the bone marrow characterized by excessive and unwanted white blood cell proliferation

Answer 20

leukemia

Question 21

swelling that commonly occurs in an arm or a leg because of accumulation of interstitial fluids

Answer 21

lymphedema

Question 22

the region between the lungs, also containing the thymus, esophagus, and trachea and the great vessels (the large blood vessels entering of leaving the heart)

Answer 22

mediastinum

Question 23

a vessel that emerges from an arteriole, passes through the capillary network, and empties into a venule; aka the thoroughfare channel

Answer 23

metarteriole

Question 24

rich in oxygen

Answer 24

oxygenated

Question 25

one of the two valves that regulate the flow of blood between the ventricles and the major blood vessel to which each valve connects

Answer 25

pulmonary valve

Question 26

valves of the arteries that prevent backflow from arteries into the ventricles

Answer 26

semilunar valve

Question 27

describes pale yellow transparent fluids that fill body cavities, or a membrane that secretes serous fluid

Answer 27

serous

Question 28

contraction of the heart; contrast of diastole

Answer 28

systole

Question 29

a condition characterized by defective hemoglobin cells, resulting in oxygen deficiency

Answer 29

thalassemia

Question 30

heart valve that prevents backflow between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 30

tricuspid valve

Question 31

the tough, enelastic, fibrous connective tissue that rests on, and is connected to the diaphragm (outer layer of the pericardium)

Answer 31

fibrous pericardium

Question 32

the large blood vessels entering or leaving the heart

Answer 32

great vessels

Question 33

transparent pale yellow fluid that is secreted by serous pericardium

Answer 33

serous fluid

Question 34

outer portion of the double membrane that is fused to the fibrous pericardium

Answer 34

visceral layer

Question 35

thin film of serous fluid between the two layers of the serous pericardium

Answer 35

pericardial fluid

Question 36

a valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the heart

Answer 36

aortic valve

Question 37

carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs

Answer 37

pulmonary circuit

Question 38

transports blood to and from the rest of the body

Answer 38

systemic circuit

Question 39

bicuspid and tricuspid valves

Answer 39

atrioventricular valves

Question 40

aortic and pulmonary valves

Answer 40

semilunar valves include the..

Question 41

ring of smooth muscle fibers that controls the flow of blood entering a true capillary

Answer 41

precapillary sphincter

Question 42

the principal vein draining blood from the lower portion of the body

Answer 42

vena cava inferior

Question 43

the principal vein draining blood from the upper portion of the body

Answer 43

vena cava superior