Hormones Flashcards
a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands durign an emergency response, such as stress. it elevates the heart rate, increases blood pressure, and triggers the release of cortisol
adrenaline
male hormones
androgens
a hormone that regulates absorbtion of calcium and vitamin D
calcitonin
the daily biochemical patterns of the body
circadian rhythem
a temporary endocrine structure that develops from the ovarian follicle during the menstrual cycle; it is essential to establishing and maintaining pregnancy
corpus luteum
steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
corticoids
a major steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, often called the stess hormone; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels adn suppresses the immune system
cortisol
a disease that results when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin
diabetes
the inner membrane of the uterus
endometrium
a steroid made from the hormone estrogen that gives women female charachteristics
estradiol
an estrogen produced by the human body; it is present in significant amounts only during pregnancy; other than at this times, the levels of this estrogen do not change considerably during a person’s life
estriol
a hormone that gives women female characteristics
estrogen
an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary and the least prevalent of the estrogen hormones. can be converted by the body to estradiol
estrone
a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the development of the egg, or ovum
follicle-stimulating hormone
an itching and tingling feeling of the skin experienced by some women during menopause
formication
steroid hormones that help regulate blood sugar
glucocoticoids
an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the thyroid so that it cannot function properly
hashimoto’s thyroiditis
structures on the cell membrane that recieve and accept hormones an, in turn, produce other biochemicals that cause or stimulate different functions in the cells
hormone receptors (receptor cites)
oral, topical, implanted, or injection methods used to adminester female hormones to control or prevent symptoms of menopause. this may help prevent skin changes or osteoporosis in women
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
a condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too much thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism
a gland that manufactures hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to make other hormones; can ddetect the needs of various parts of the body by chemically monitoring the blood. this regulates important metabolic functions, hormone release, and autonomic function, such as the muscles of the intestines that help move food through the gastrointestinal system
hypothalamus
a condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too little thyroid hormone
hypothyroidism
a line of pigmentation that develops during pregnancy between the lower chest and the genital area
linea nigra
a hormone that causes ovulation, or the release of the egg from the ovary; also causes the testes to manufacure testosterone
luteinizing hormone
specialized hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body’s responses to different levels of light, and therefore the circadian rhythms of the body
melatonin
first menstrual period
menarche
the time in a woman’s life when the ovaries stop producing eggs
menopause
The process by which the female body rids itself of an unused ovum and the accompanying endometrium
menstruation
Steroid hormones that help regulate blood minerals
mineralcorticoids
a hyperthyroid condition in which the skin on the shins become thick and red brown with a bumpy texture
myxedema
hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that control many pituitary hormone secretions
neurohormones
the gland responsible for regulating calcium and phosphates in the blood stream
parathyroid gland
the time before and around menopause
perimenopause
a hormonal disorder in women caused by excessive presence of androgens; may include irregular menstrual periods and obesity, but also esthetic symptoms such as unwanted and excessive facial and body hair growth and nonresponsive acne
polycystic ovarian syndrome
a condition in which some women experience uncomfortable physical changes before menstruation
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
a hormone that helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and is an important hormone in the menstrual cycle
progesterone
a synthetic version of preogesterone used in minipills for birth control
progestin
the stage of life when physical changes occur in both sexes and when sexual function of the sex glands begins to take place
puberty
a hormone manufactured by the ovaries that helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth
relaxin
synthesized or released by various cells or organs
secreted
very small hormone molecules that penetrate cell membranes
steroids
stretch marks that commonly occur during pregancy
striae distensae
the male hormone responsible for development of typical male characteristics
testosterone
a gland located under the breastbone in the chest; it secretes hormones and helps trigger synthesis of more lymph tissue
thymus gland
the group of clinical symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis
one of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland
thyroxine
chemicals that cause glands to make hormones
trophic hormones
