Anatomy and Physiology: Muscles and Nerves

Question 1

moving a limb away from the center of the body

Answer 1

abduction

Question 2

a neurotransmitter widely found in body tissues; it primary function is to mediate synaptic activity of the nervous system and skeletal muscles

Answer 2

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 3

moving a limb toward the center of the body

Answer 3

adduction

Question 4

the flaring cartilaginous expansion on each side of the nares

Answer 4

ala

Question 5

something that opposes the action of another

Answer 5

antagonist

Question 6

front

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

strong, thick, and flat connective tissue that serves as fascia to bind muscles together or as tendon to attach muscle to bone

Answer 7

aponeurosis

Question 8

the muscle of the upper arm; its name means “two heads” because it originates from two heads attached to the scapula and the humerus

Answer 8

biceps brachii

Question 9

important muscle for the arm’s ability to flex at the elbow

Answer 9

brachialis

Question 10

pertaining to the heart

Answer 10

cardiac

Question 11

movement of a limb or extremity in which the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

Answer 11

circumduction

Question 12

the ability to transmit sound, heat, light, or energy

Answer 12

conductivity

Question 13

away from, or farthest from, a point of origin or the midline or center

Answer 13

distal

Question 14

upward or backward flexion of a body part

Answer 14

dorsiflexion

Question 15

the ability to change length, size, and shape, and then returning to the original form; both muscle and skin have this property

Answer 15

elasticity

Question 16

the connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle

Answer 16

epimysium

Question 17

a set of three muscles that run along either side of the spinal column

Answer 17

erector spinae

Question 18

turning outward or inside out, as in turning the foot outward at the ankle

Answer 18

eversion

Question 19

the property of a cell that enables it to react to a stimulus

Answer 19

excitibility

Question 20

moving a joint in such a way as to increase the angle of the joint

Answer 20

extension

Question 21

a thin long muscle that runs the length of the side of the tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 21

extensor digitorium longus

Question 22

muscles responsible for the movement of the vertebrae and rotation of the torso

Answer 22

external obliques

Question 23

a fibrous connective membrane that covers, supports and separates muscles; varies in thickness and density and in the amounts of fat, collagenous fiber, elastic fiber, and tissue fluid it contains

Answer 23

fascia

Question 24

a movement allowed by certain joints that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as bending the elbow

Answer 24

flexion

Question 25

a fold of mucous membrane that connects two parts, as between the lips and the gums, one being more or less moveable; aka frenum

Answer 25

frenulum

Question 26

the muscles that form the exterior contours of the buttocks

Answer 26

gluteal muscles

Question 27

any of the three muscles in the posterior thigh

Answer 27

hamstring

Question 28

moving a joint to a position beyond its normal limits of extension

Answer 28

hyperextension

Question 29

situated below or lower than a given point of reference

Answer 29

inferior

Question 30

the distribution or supply of nerves or nerve impulses in a particular body part

Answer 30

innervation

Question 31

muscles situated between the ribs

Answer 31

intercostal muscles

Question 32

the middle layer of abdominal muscles

Answer 32

internal obliques

Question 33

turning inward, as in turning the soles of the feet toward each other

Answer 33

inversion

Question 34

to the side of, or on the side

Answer 34

lateral

Question 35

a strong fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Answer 35

ligament

Question 36

another term for muscle cells

Answer 36

muscle fibers

Question 37

a thick layer of muscle fibers that forms the bulk of the heart wall

Answer 37

myocardium

Question 38

threadlike structures found in striated muscle that are responsible for its contractile properties

Answer 38

myofilaments

Question 39

nostril

Answer 39

nare

Question 40

a region surrounding the point of contact between two neurons, across which nerve impulses are transmitted

Answer 40

neuromuscular junction

Question 41

chemical that modifies or causes the transmission of nerve impulses across synapses to act on or inhibit a target cell

Answer 41

neurotransmitter

Question 42

a special movement of the hand in which the thumb is touched to the finger tips

Answer 42

opposition

Question 43

pertaining to the eyelids

Answer 43

palpebral

Question 44

the three muscles that make up the calf of the leg- the tertius perneus, peroneous longus, and peroneus brevis; also called peroneal muscle group

Answer 44

peroneal (fibularis) muscles

Question 45

back

Answer 45

posterior

Question 46

rotation of the forearm that allows the palm to face downward, or slight inward rotation of the foot while walking

Answer 46

pronation

Question 47

situated toward the point of origin or attachment, as in a tendon or bone

Answer 47

proximal

Question 48

a large extensor muscle consisting of four parts that covers the front and sides of the femur; functions to extend the leg

Answer 48

quadriceps

Question 49

the outermost layer of the abdominal muscle

Answer 49

rectus abdominis

Question 50

turning on an axis, as in ball-and-socket joints

Answer 50

rotation

Question 51

anything that excites or incites an organ or other part to function, become active, or respond

Answer 51

stimulus

Question 52

pertaining to the surface; being at, on or near the surface

Answer 52

superficial

Question 53

rotation of the arm palm upward

Answer 53

supination

Question 54

the transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic gap

Answer 54

synapse

Question 55

has the same definition of neuromusclular junction

Answer 55

synaptic gap

Question 56

bands of strong fibrous connective tissue that attach muscle to bone

Answer 56

tendons

Question 57

a muscle vital to dorsifelxion of the foot

Answer 57

tibialis anterior

Question 58

lying or extending across, or in a cross direction

Answer 58

transverse

Question 59

the deepest of the abdominal muscles, lying under the internal obliques

Answer 59

transverse abdominals

Question 60

muscle that can move each side independently

Answer 60

bifurcated muscle

Question 61

network that secretes and drains tears

Answer 61

lacrimal apparatus

Question 62

portion of the orbicularis oculi that encircles the eye

Answer 62

orbital

Question 63

muscles that contract to close an orfice

Answer 63

sphincter muscle