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Advanced Esthetics Vocabulary > Anatomy and Physiology: Muscles and Nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology: Muscles and Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

moving a limb away from the center of the body

A

abduction

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2
Q

a neurotransmitter widely found in body tissues; it primary function is to mediate synaptic activity of the nervous system and skeletal muscles

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

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3
Q

moving a limb toward the center of the body

A

adduction

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4
Q

the flaring cartilaginous expansion on each side of the nares

A

ala

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5
Q

something that opposes the action of another

A

antagonist

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6
Q

front

A

anterior

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7
Q

strong, thick, and flat connective tissue that serves as fascia to bind muscles together or as tendon to attach muscle to bone

A

aponeurosis

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8
Q

the muscle of the upper arm; its name means “two heads” because it originates from two heads attached to the scapula and the humerus

A

biceps brachii

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9
Q

important muscle for the arm’s ability to flex at the elbow

A

brachialis

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10
Q

pertaining to the heart

A

cardiac

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11
Q

movement of a limb or extremity in which the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

A

circumduction

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12
Q

the ability to transmit sound, heat, light, or energy

A

conductivity

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13
Q

away from, or farthest from, a point of origin or the midline or center

A

distal

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14
Q

upward or backward flexion of a body part

A

dorsiflexion

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15
Q

the ability to change length, size, and shape, and then returning to the original form; both muscle and skin have this property

A

elasticity

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16
Q

the connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

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17
Q

a set of three muscles that run along either side of the spinal column

A

erector spinae

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18
Q

turning outward or inside out, as in turning the foot outward at the ankle

A

eversion

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19
Q

the property of a cell that enables it to react to a stimulus

A

excitibility

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20
Q

moving a joint in such a way as to increase the angle of the joint

A

extension

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21
Q

a thin long muscle that runs the length of the side of the tibialis anterior muscle

A

extensor digitorium longus

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22
Q

muscles responsible for the movement of the vertebrae and rotation of the torso

A

external obliques

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23
Q

a fibrous connective membrane that covers, supports and separates muscles; varies in thickness and density and in the amounts of fat, collagenous fiber, elastic fiber, and tissue fluid it contains

A

fascia

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24
Q

a movement allowed by certain joints that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as bending the elbow

A

flexion

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25
Q

a fold of mucous membrane that connects two parts, as between the lips and the gums, one being more or less moveable; aka frenum

A

frenulum

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26
Q

the muscles that form the exterior contours of the buttocks

A

gluteal muscles

27
Q

any of the three muscles in the posterior thigh

A

hamstring

28
Q

moving a joint to a position beyond its normal limits of extension

A

hyperextension

29
Q

situated below or lower than a given point of reference

A

inferior

30
Q

the distribution or supply of nerves or nerve impulses in a particular body part

A

innervation

31
Q

muscles situated between the ribs

A

intercostal muscles

32
Q

the middle layer of abdominal muscles

A

internal obliques

33
Q

turning inward, as in turning the soles of the feet toward each other

A

inversion

34
Q

to the side of, or on the side

A

lateral

35
Q

a strong fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

A

ligament

36
Q

another term for muscle cells

A

muscle fibers

37
Q

a thick layer of muscle fibers that forms the bulk of the heart wall

A

myocardium

38
Q

threadlike structures found in striated muscle that are responsible for its contractile properties

A

myofilaments

39
Q

nostril

A

nare

40
Q

a region surrounding the point of contact between two neurons, across which nerve impulses are transmitted

A

neuromuscular junction

41
Q

chemical that modifies or causes the transmission of nerve impulses across synapses to act on or inhibit a target cell

A

neurotransmitter

42
Q

a special movement of the hand in which the thumb is touched to the finger tips

A

opposition

43
Q

pertaining to the eyelids

A

palpebral

44
Q

the three muscles that make up the calf of the leg- the tertius perneus, peroneous longus, and peroneus brevis; also called peroneal muscle group

A

peroneal (fibularis) muscles

45
Q

back

A

posterior

46
Q

rotation of the forearm that allows the palm to face downward, or slight inward rotation of the foot while walking

A

pronation

47
Q

situated toward the point of origin or attachment, as in a tendon or bone

A

proximal

48
Q

a large extensor muscle consisting of four parts that covers the front and sides of the femur; functions to extend the leg

A

quadriceps

49
Q

the outermost layer of the abdominal muscle

A

rectus abdominis

50
Q

turning on an axis, as in ball-and-socket joints

A

rotation

51
Q

anything that excites or incites an organ or other part to function, become active, or respond

A

stimulus

52
Q

pertaining to the surface; being at, on or near the surface

A

superficial

53
Q

rotation of the arm palm upward

A

supination

54
Q

the transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic gap

A

synapse

55
Q

has the same definition of neuromusclular junction

A

synaptic gap

56
Q

bands of strong fibrous connective tissue that attach muscle to bone

A

tendons

57
Q

a muscle vital to dorsifelxion of the foot

A

tibialis anterior

58
Q

lying or extending across, or in a cross direction

A

transverse

59
Q

the deepest of the abdominal muscles, lying under the internal obliques

A

transverse abdominals

60
Q

muscle that can move each side independently

A

bifurcated muscle

61
Q

network that secretes and drains tears

A

lacrimal apparatus

62
Q

portion of the orbicularis oculi that encircles the eye

A

orbital

63
Q

muscles that contract to close an orfice

A

sphincter muscle

Advanced Esthetics Vocabulary (29 decks)

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