Chemistry and Biochemistry Flashcards
secondary metabolites found in plants; nitrogen containing organic compounds, such as caffiene, morphine, nicotene, and quinine, which are very physiologically active in the human body
alkaloids
a functional group with one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms; organic compounds containing one of these is are called amines
amino group
having a painkilling effect
analgesis
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic molecules
atomic weight
a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms; responsible for some of the most effective antibacterial and antimicrobial compounds found in essential oils
benzene ring structure
the study of chemicals and chemical reactions in the body
biochemistry
an abundant nonmetalic element found in all organic compouns
carbon
-COOH; a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl group
carboxyl group
an organic compound containing the carboxyl functional group, a carbon with a double bonded oxygen and an alchohol group attachted
carboxylic acid
terpenoid compounds with 40 carbon atoms (tetraterpenoids); those that contain oxygen are called xanthrophylls, such as lutien found in tomatos; those withoutooxygen are subcategorized as carotenes, beta carotene bein th emost popular of those; these deeply pigmented compounds have a wide range od powerful health giving properties
carotenoids
a stimulant that initiates and/or increases the rate of a chemical reaction
catalyst
a reaction between two elements or two compounds that results in chemical changes. the change is in the chemical and physical properties of the substance
chemical reaction
a halogen element, commonly a gas, that is a strong oxidizer with a strong odor
chlorine
vitamins or hormones that assist in an enzyme’s activity or act as a cofactor
coenzymes
a sharing of electrons between atoms that binds the two atoms together
covalent bonds
subatomic particles that carry a negative charge and circle the nucleus of the atom
electrons
the notation representing a chemical reaction; chemical ____ must always balance, so that equal numbers of the same atom are on either side of the reaction
equation
a compound structure that is formed through the reaction of an acid with an alcohol
ester
substances that contain a fatty acid chain and an alcohol chain with an ester between them
fatty waxes
active phenylpropanoid compounds with extremly beneficial propertie for maintaining health adn reversing disease; foods rich in these are citrus fruits, grape skins, and tea
flavonoids
an atom or group of atoms that bonds to a reactive area of an organic compound, giving the compound many of its overall characteristics
functional group
repelling, not absorbing or mixing with water, or not dissolving in water
hydrophobic
a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions; these most commonly occur between a metal and a non metal
ionic bond
hydrocarbon units with 5 carbon atoms
isoprene units
the substances used by living organism in the process of metabolism
metabolites
unsaturated fatty acid that contains one double bond in the carbon chain
monounsaturated fatty acids
subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom that carry no charge
neutrons
the orbit or path that electrons follow round a nucleus; may be one or more on a given atom, which is determines by the element type; generally drawn as concentric rings
orbit/electron shell/energy level
compounds that contain the element carbon
organic compounds
the primary linkage between all proteins; occurs when the carboxyl molecule of one peptide reacts with the amino group of antoher peptide
peptide bond
a chart of all the known chemical elements, including naturally occuring elements and synthetic elements
periodic table of the elements
physiologically active organic compounds containing an aromatic ring and a 3 carbon chain
phenylpropanoids
unsaturated fatty acids that contain 2 or more double bonds
polyunsaturated fatty acids
the metabolitesrequired for the growth, structure, and reproduction of a plant
primary metabolites
subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom that carries a positive charge
protons
a condition that is the result of an axygen reaction at the unsaturated site of a fatty acid, causing decomposition of the oil and a disagreeable odor
rancidity
any of a various group of arganic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and includes, cellulose, gums, sugars, and starches; also called carbohydrates
saccharides
fatty acids that contain no double bonds
saturated fatty acids
metabolites that are not required for the most basic, life sustaining needs; most of these are involved in protection and reproduction
secondary metabolites
lipids made up of multiple isoprene units
terpenoid compounds
fatty acids that contain at least one double bond
unsaturated fatty acids
the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of the atom
valence electrons
