Chemistry and Biochemistry

Question 1

secondary metabolites found in plants; nitrogen containing organic compounds, such as caffiene, morphine, nicotene, and quinine, which are very physiologically active in the human body

Answer 1

alkaloids

Question 2

a functional group with one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms; organic compounds containing one of these is are called amines

Answer 2

amino group

Question 3

having a painkilling effect

Answer 3

analgesis

Question 4

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic molecules

Answer 4

atomic weight

Question 5

a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms; responsible for some of the most effective antibacterial and antimicrobial compounds found in essential oils

Answer 5

benzene ring structure

Question 6

the study of chemicals and chemical reactions in the body

Answer 6

biochemistry

Question 7

an abundant nonmetalic element found in all organic compouns

Answer 7

carbon

Question 8

-COOH; a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl group

Answer 8

carboxyl group

Question 9

an organic compound containing the carboxyl functional group, a carbon with a double bonded oxygen and an alchohol group attachted

Answer 9

carboxylic acid

Question 10

terpenoid compounds with 40 carbon atoms (tetraterpenoids); those that contain oxygen are called xanthrophylls, such as lutien found in tomatos; those withoutooxygen are subcategorized as carotenes, beta carotene bein th emost popular of those; these deeply pigmented compounds have a wide range od powerful health giving properties

Answer 10

carotenoids

Question 11

a stimulant that initiates and/or increases the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 11

catalyst

Question 12

a reaction between two elements or two compounds that results in chemical changes. the change is in the chemical and physical properties of the substance

Answer 12

chemical reaction

Question 13

a halogen element, commonly a gas, that is a strong oxidizer with a strong odor

Answer 13

chlorine

Question 14

vitamins or hormones that assist in an enzyme’s activity or act as a cofactor

Answer 14

coenzymes

Question 15

a sharing of electrons between atoms that binds the two atoms together

Answer 15

covalent bonds

Question 16

subatomic particles that carry a negative charge and circle the nucleus of the atom

Answer 16

electrons

Question 17

the notation representing a chemical reaction; chemical ____ must always balance, so that equal numbers of the same atom are on either side of the reaction

Answer 17

equation

Question 18

a compound structure that is formed through the reaction of an acid with an alcohol

Answer 18

ester

Question 19

substances that contain a fatty acid chain and an alcohol chain with an ester between them

Answer 19

fatty waxes

Question 20

active phenylpropanoid compounds with extremly beneficial propertie for maintaining health adn reversing disease; foods rich in these are citrus fruits, grape skins, and tea

Answer 20

flavonoids

Question 21

an atom or group of atoms that bonds to a reactive area of an organic compound, giving the compound many of its overall characteristics

Answer 21

functional group

Question 22

repelling, not absorbing or mixing with water, or not dissolving in water

Answer 22

hydrophobic

Question 23

a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions; these most commonly occur between a metal and a non metal

Answer 23

ionic bond

Question 24

hydrocarbon units with 5 carbon atoms

Answer 24

isoprene units

Question 25

the substances used by living organism in the process of metabolism

Answer 25

metabolites

Question 26

unsaturated fatty acid that contains one double bond in the carbon chain

Answer 26

monounsaturated fatty acids

Question 27

subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom that carry no charge

Answer 27

neutrons

Question 28

the orbit or path that electrons follow round a nucleus; may be one or more on a given atom, which is determines by the element type; generally drawn as concentric rings

Answer 28

orbit/electron shell/energy level

Question 29

compounds that contain the element carbon

Answer 29

organic compounds

Question 30

the primary linkage between all proteins; occurs when the carboxyl molecule of one peptide reacts with the amino group of antoher peptide

Answer 30

peptide bond

Question 31

a chart of all the known chemical elements, including naturally occuring elements and synthetic elements

Answer 31

periodic table of the elements

Question 32

physiologically active organic compounds containing an aromatic ring and a 3 carbon chain

Answer 32

phenylpropanoids

Question 33

unsaturated fatty acids that contain 2 or more double bonds

Answer 33

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 34

the metabolitesrequired for the growth, structure, and reproduction of a plant

Answer 34

primary metabolites

Question 35

subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom that carries a positive charge

Answer 35

protons

Question 36

a condition that is the result of an axygen reaction at the unsaturated site of a fatty acid, causing decomposition of the oil and a disagreeable odor

Answer 36

rancidity

Question 37

any of a various group of arganic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and includes, cellulose, gums, sugars, and starches; also called carbohydrates

Answer 37

saccharides

Question 38

fatty acids that contain no double bonds

Answer 38

saturated fatty acids

Question 39

metabolites that are not required for the most basic, life sustaining needs; most of these are involved in protection and reproduction

Answer 39

secondary metabolites

Question 40

lipids made up of multiple isoprene units

Answer 40

terpenoid compounds

Question 41

fatty acids that contain at least one double bond

Answer 41

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 42

the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of the atom

Answer 42

valence electrons