Advanced Histology of the Cell and the Skin Flashcards
part of the blood cell line and formed from the polychromatic normablast, this cell (8-10 micrometers in diameter) loses its nucleus at this stage
acidophillic normoblasts
a protein in a muscle fiber that, together with myosin, is responsible for contraction and relaxation
actin
filaments connected to the caternins that help stabilize cell adherance
actin filaments
a process that requires expenditure of ATP energy to move molecules across a cell membrane; also called facillitated transport
active transport
a multifunctional nucleotide that transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism and coverts oxygen to carbon dioxide
adenosine triphosphate
junctions that provide strong mechanical attachments between adjacent cells
adherens junctions
leading or bearing toward some organ, such as nerves conducting impulses toward the brain or blood vessels carrying blood toward an organ; opposite of efferent
afferent
a pathway used as an intermediate signal as part of the DNA signaling cascade
Akt
organic acids that form the building blocks of proteins; 20 amino acids are used within the human body; 9 of these are essential amino acids and must be supplied by the diet
amino acids
a system that ties the plaque to the cytoplasm through the cytoskeleton; located inside the cell behind the plasma membrane
anchoring system
components of the immune system that neutralizes antigens
antibodies
(1) modified type of serum globulin synthesized by lymphoid tissue in response to antigenic stimulus (2) any material that elicits an immune response
antigens
genetically determined cell death; programmed cell death
apoptosis
type of lymphcyte derived from bone marrow stem cells that matures into an immunologically competent cell (under the influence of the bursa of fabricius in chickens, and the bone marrow in nonavian species); following interaction with antigen, it becomes a plasma cell, which synthesizes and secretes antibody molecules incolved in humoral immunity
B cell or B lymphocyte
a cell that manufactures antibodies involved in immunity
B lymphocyte
white blood cell characterized by the presence of blue cytoplasmic granules that become stained by a basophillic dye
basophil
blue colored cell formed from the division of the pronormoblast; this cell (6-18 micrometers in diameter) produces polychromatic normoblasts
basophillic normoblast
a fluid filled or yolk filled cavity surrounded by a blastoderm
blastocoel
an early stage in the development of an embryo; consists of a sphere of cells enclosing a fluid filled ca
blastula
primary epithelium formed in early embryonic development of many arthopods when the nucleui migrate to the periphery and undergo superficial cleavage; usually encloses the central yolk mass
blastoderm
transmembrane proteins that go from cell to cell and bind to each other
cadherins
A protein important in stabilizing cell adherence to avoid abnormal spread of cells
catenin
the regular sequence of events in the life of a cell, during which the cell grows, prepates for division, duplicates its contents, and divides to form two daughter cells
cell cycles
the rigid outermost later of the cells found in plants, some protists ( a type of single cell organism), and most bacteria, found in plants composed principally of cellulose; not found in animal cells
cell wall