INFECTION AND RESPONSE - Discovery and Development Of Drugs

Question 1

1) Preclinical Testing

Answer 1

First stage of drug testing. Not carried out on humans so it is carried out on cells, tissues and on live animals

Question 2

2) Clinical Testing

Answer 2

Carried out on humans. Very low doses of the drug are given to healthy volunteers. If drug is found to be safe then clinical testing continues to find the optimal dose (best dose to treat the disease with the fewest side-effects)

Question 3

Placebo

Answer 3

Tablet or injection with no active drug in it. Some patients will get better if you give them a placebo because they think they are being treated so they believe they’re going to get better

Question 4

Double-Blind Trial

Answer 4

Test group receive the active drug. Placebo or control group receive a dummy drug which looks exactly like the test drug but has no active ingrediant. Neither patient nor doctor know which people are given placebo or drug this is to stop bias.

Question 5

What Are Traditional Drugs?

Answer 5

Drugs that were extracted from plants and microorganisms.

Question 6

Digitalis

Answer 6

Heart drug that originates from foxgloves

Question 7

Digitalis

Answer 7

Heart drug that originates from foxgloves

Question 8

Aspirin

Answer 8

Painkiller that originates from willow

Question 9

Penicillin

Answer 9

Discovered by Alexander Fleming from the
Penicillium mould

Question 10

How Are Most New Drugs Made?

Answer 10

Most new drugs are synthesised (made) by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry but the starting point may still be a chemical extract from a plant