infection and inflammation Flashcards
- Which one of the following is involved in the acute inflammatory response?
(1 Mark)
* Red blood cells
* Prostaglandins
* Pepsin
* Glucose
- Prostaglandins
What is the main role of the T-Helper cell?
- Activate specific B-cells to respond to infection and produce antibodies
- Induce apoptosis
- Perform antigen-presentation
- Introduce cell-toxic proteins
Activate specific B-cells to respond to infection and produce antibodies
Which cells are central to inflammatory and allergy responses?
* Mast cells
* Dendritic cells
* Macrophages
* Basophils
Mast cells
Which of the blood tests below can be used to specifically monitor the presence of inflammation?
* Urea and Electrolyte
* C Reactive Protein
* Glycated Haemoglobin
* Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
C Reactive Protein
What is one of the key roles of the Dendritic Cell in stimulating the adaptive immune response?
a) Cloning
b) Antigen Presentation
c) Phagocytosis
d) Increase vascular permeability
b) Antigen Presentation
Which cell is responsible for the production of antibodies?
a) B-Memory Cell
b) Clone Cell
c) T-Killer Cell
d) T-Helper Cell
d) T-Helper Cell
Which of the following is not a βbarrierβ in our innate immune response?
(1 Mark)
a) Stomach Acid
b) Mucous Membrane
c) Macrophages
d) Nasal Hair
c) Macrophages
Which of the blood tests below can be used to specifically monitor the presence of inflammation?
a) Urea and Electrolytes (U&E)
b) C Reactive Protein (CRP)
c) Glycated Haemoglobin(HbA1c)
d) Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
b) C Reactive Protein (CRP)
Which one of the following is involved in the acute inflammatory response?
(1 Mark)
a) Red blood cells
b) Histamine
c) Pepsin
d) Glucose
b) Histamine
Which of the following is responsible for causing pain?
a) Histamine
b) Prostaglandins
c) Neutrophils
d) Erythrocytes
a) Histamine
Which of the following is not a symptom of vasodilation?
a) Heat
b) Erythema
c) Oedema
d) Thrombosis
d) Thrombosis
What is Thrombosis?
what is Oedema?
What is Erythema?
Which of the blood tests below can be used to monitor the bodyβs response to infection?
a) Urea and Electrolytes (U&E)
b) Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
c) EstimatedGlomerularFiltrationRate(eGFR)
d) White Blood Cell Count (WBCC)
d) White Blood Cell Count (WBCC)
Identify the three phases of the inflammatory response and give an example of what happens in each. (6 Marks)
- cellular response β immune cells eg. neutrophils (have to name a specific wbcβs)
- release of inflammatory mediators (histamine which causes pain) β 2 marks
What happens in the acute inflammatory response? (7 Marks)
- Tissue damage causes the release of inflammatory mediators eg .histamine (cardinal sign is pain)
- The vascular response (vasodilation and increased vascular permeability) allows more immune cells eg. neutrophils to respond (cellular response)
- Cardinal signs are redness, warmth and swelling
- These 3 responses allow the removal of infection
Describe how the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) develops into the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (6 Marks)
- Chronic inflammation
- HIV causes HIV infection
- HIV damages the immune system (kills CD4 cells)
- The body canβt fight infection
- AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection
- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome