fundamentals not definitions Flashcards
Explain Cell Necrosis
- Unplanned/ accidental cell death due to injury or damage to the cell
1. Increase in cell volume
2. Loss of plasma membrane integrity
3. Leakage of cellular contents
4. Inflammation
What are the 3 Types of Cellular Communication ?
Nerve
Endocrine
Local signalling
What occurs in nerve signalling (6 marks) ? Give an disease example
Disease affecting nerve cell signalling: Parkinson’s disease
Used exclusively by neurones
Uses neurotransmitters (1 mark) to send chemicals through a gap – synapse (1 mark) to another neurone or to a receptor cell eg. muscles (or glands)(1 mark)
Fast, long-distance action (1 mark)
Specific routes of movement
What occurs in endocrine signalling? What is a related disease?
Diabetes
What occurs in local cell signalling?
Used in: Inflammatory response and cancer
Example: Sprained ankle
Signalling cell releases a local mediator to a cell close by to cause a local effect.
Describe general cell communication
General communication + cell signalling
- Signalling cell releases ligand (messenger)
- The ligand binds to a specific receptor
- Receptor cell receives the message
- Signal transduction: signal conveyed into and through cell
- Response: signal causes an effect
Describe Endocrine communication
- hormone (eg insulin)
- is released by the secreting gland (eg. pancreas)
- into the bloodstream
- hormone received by a receptor cell to stimulate action
- it is a slow communication method because the hormones diffuse around the entire body within its circulation (blood)
Define Iatrogenic
Iatrogenic (of a disease or symptoms) induced in a patient by the treatment or comments of a physician ie paralysis and loss of sensation in a baby’s arm from forceps delivery
EQ Which of the following is not a type of cellular communication?
Local
Systemic
Endocrine
Nerve
Systemic
In cell changes, which term describes ‘an increase in cell size and volume’? (1 Mark)
Hypertrophy
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy
“The body functioning as a whole with all individual components working together” is:
Physiology
Pathophysiology
Integration
Epidemiology
Integration
- Which disease is idiopathic?
a) Spreads rapidly in a population in a short time
b) Is a new disease that rapidly spreads worldwide
c) Has no known cause
d) Was caused by medical intervention
c) Has no known cause
In cellular communication, what the generic term given to a ‘chemical messengers’ which transmit between the signalling cell, and the receptor cell? (1 Mark)
Lymph
Ligand
Interneurone
Chemotaxes
Ligand
In cell changes, which term describes ‘an increase in the number of cells’?
(1 Mark)
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
“The cause, set of causes or manner of causation of disease” is:
Aetiology
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Aetiology