2. Developing infection Flashcards
Define Pathogenic
Bacterium, virus or another microorganism
Define Pathogen
An organism that causes disease
Define Zoonosis
An infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans
Define Subclinical disease
Has no recognizable clinical finding
Don’t show signs and symptoms but will show up on clinical lab testing eg. diabetes. Someone might not know they are diabetic but glucose in urine would show they were
Define Antigen
Substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it and fight the infection
Name the 6 infectious micro-organisms
Bacteria, virus, fungi, protazoa, Helminths (worms), Prions
Describe the features of Bacteria. Give an example
INSERT info
No nucleus- Nucleoid DNA
Flagellum
pilus
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, Ribosomes etc
Strep throat
Urinary tract infections
Describe the features of Virus. Give an example
Non living
No nucleus
HIV
Describe the features of Fungi. Give an example
Living
Nucleus
Athletes foot
Describe the features of a protazoa. Give an example
Single celled organisms
Malaria
Explain the features of Helminths. Give an example
Worms
Hookworm
Explain the features of prions. Give an example
Rare
Transmissible, untreatable and fatal brain disease
Kuru
What is the chain of infection?
Infectious agent
Reservoir (somewhere for the organism to live and thrive – human, water..)_
Exit from reservoir (cough.. vomit)
Transmission – how the infection transfers from one person/ place to another
Portal of entry – how the infection enters another individual
Susceptible host – how it at risk of getting the infection
What’s Pyrexia? What occurs? What is the advantage?
Fever.
Hypothalamus (midbrain) is set to a higher temp to fight infection
Prostaglandins and cytokines are released from immune cells as part of the inflammatory response
The advantages are unclear as takes lots of energy when you need the energy (maybe stop pathogens multiplying, stimulate immune response and tissue repair). Temp over 41.5 is considered an emergency
Define Prostaglandins
lipid at the sight of infection, regulate blood clot formation, contribute to the development of cardinal signs of acute inflammation
