Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

501😩 is hard > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

EQ Which of the following occurs at birth when the newborn takes the first breath? (1 Mark)

a) Closure of the ductus arteriosus
b) Closure of the foramen ovale
c) Increase in left atrial pressure
d) All of the above

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myocardial Infarction in an under 5-year-old is unlikely to be caused by (1 Mark)

a) Atherosclerosis
b) ALCAPA
c) Kawasaki Disease
d) Anomalous origin of coronary artery

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following arrhythmia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is not a cardiac arrest rhythm?

a) Ventricular Fibrillation
b) Asystole
c) Atrial Fibrillation
d) Ventricular tachycardia

A

c) Atrial Fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EQ Which of the following is a symptom of heart failure?
a) Increased energy levels
b) Increased HbA1C
c) Breathlessness
d) Frequent urinary tract infections

A

c) Breathlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

30.Which of the following does NOT occur at birth when the newborn takes the first breath?

a) Closure of the ductus arteriosus
b) Closure of the foramen ovale
c) Increase in left atrial pressure
d) Decrease in left atrial pressure

A

d) Decrease in left atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myocardial Infarction in an under 5-year-old may be caused by: (1 Mark)
o Atherosclerosis
o Rheumatic Fever
o Tetralogy of Fallot
o Kawasaki Disease

A

Kawasaki Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A blood clot within an artery is known as:

a) Myocardial infarction
b) Thrombus
c) Stroke
d) Acute coronary syndrome

A

b) Thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following arrhythmia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates acute myocardial infarction is occurring?

a) ST-Segment Elevation
b) Ventricular Fibrillation
c) Asystole
d) Atrial Fibrillatio

A

a) ST-Segment Elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

31.Which of the following does NOT occur at birth when the newborn takes the first breath?

a) Closure of the ductus arteriosus
b) Closure of the foreamen ovale
c) Pulmonary vasodilation
d) Decrease in left atrial pressure

A

d) Decrease in left atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following arrhythmia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates acute myocardial infarction is occurring? (1 Mark)
a) Ventricular Fibrillation
b) Asystole
c) Atrial Fibrillation
d) ST-Segment Elevation

A

d) ST-Segment Elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Temporary obstruction or vasospasm of the coronary arteries associated with chest pain occurring on exertion which then resolves at rest is known as:
o Prinzmetal Angina
o Angina Pectoris
o Atrial Flutter
o Ludwig’s Angina

A

o Prinzmetal Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of one modifiable and one non-modifiable cardiac risk factor (2 Marks)

A

Not modifiable: Age

Modifiable: Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the development of atherosclerosis (10 Marks)

A
  1. Irritant in blood eg. toxins from smoking
  2. Damages endothelium
  3. And then collects under the endothelium
  4. Toxin gets oxidised which sends a signal to the immune system which triggers monocytes
  5. Monocytes attack endothelium and toxin together and become macrophages to phagocyte toxin
  6. Phagocytosis of toxin causes macrophages to die and become a foam cell
  7. Foam cells form fatty streak on endothelium
  8. Smooth muscle produces a fibrous cap to stop fatty streaks from being released into the bloodstream (fibrous plaque)
  9. Fibrous plaque reduces lumen size (narrows blood vessels)
  10. Fibrous plaque ruptures causing a blood clot and narrows artery even more
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EQ What modifications to lifestyle choices could you suggest to someone with high levels of cholesterol?

(2 Marks)

A
  • Increase physical activity levels
  • Increase in fibre
  • Less saturated fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EQ With regards to the development of atherosclerosis, the ‘response to injury’ theory suggests that an inflammatory response is because of injury to the endothelium of the artery. Suggest some possible causes of damage to the endothelium. (4 Marks)

A

o tobacco toxins

o hyperglycaemia (diabetic patients)

o chronic exposure to hypertension

o Lipids (choloestral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identify 3 potential arteries where atherosclerotic plaques may build and name the corresponding conditions which manifest from blockages in these areas. (6 Marks)
Artery Condition————Manifestation

A

Artery Condition——- Manifestation:

Coronary artery———-
Coronary artery disease or Angina

Carotid artery————–
Stroke

Femoral and iliac arteries——–
Peripheral vascular disease

17
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to the collection of syndromes resulting from the formation of a thrombus on a complicated atheromatous plaque. There are three different categorisations of ACS.

Name these conditions: (3 Marks)

b) In relation to the above conditions complete the table below: (6 Marks)

CONDITIONs– ECG CHANGES Yes or No— Rise inTroponin T Level Yes or No

A

CONDITIONs– ECG CHANGES Yes or No— Rise inTroponin T Level Yes or No

  1. Unstable Angina— T wave flat por inverted— No
  2. Non ST Elevation—T wave flat por inverted— Yes
  3. ST Elevation— ST Elevated— Yes
18
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to the collection of syndromes resulting from the formation of a thrombus on a complicated atheromatous plaque. There are three different categorisations of ACS.
Name these conditions: (3 Marks)

A

· Unstable Angina
· Non ST Elevation
· ST Elevation

19
Q

Give an example of one modifiable and one non-modifiable cardiac risk factor (2 Marks)

A

Not modifiable: Age
Modifiable: Smoking

20
Q

Which of the following occurs at birth when the newborn takes the first breath? (1 Mark)
a) Closure of the ductus arteriosus
b) Closure of the foramen ovale
c) Increase in left atrial pressure
d) All of the above

21
Q

Myocardial Infarction in an under 5-year-old is unlikely to be caused by (1 Mark)
a) Atherosclerosis
b) ALCAPA
c) Kawasaki Disease
d) Anomalous origin of coronary artery

22
Q

Which of the following arrhythmia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is not a cardiac arrest rhythm?
a) Ventricular Fibrillation
b) Asystole
c) Atrial Fibrillation
d) Ventricular tachycardi

23
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of heart failure?
a) Increased energy levels
b) Increased HbA1C
c) Breathlessness
d) Frequent urinary tract infections

24
Q

A blood clot within an artery is known as:
a) Myocardial infarction
b) Thrombus
c) Stroke
d) Acute coronary syndrome

25
Q

Which of the following arrhythmia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates acute myocardial infarction is occurring?
a) ST-Segment Elevation
b) Ventricular Fibrillation
c) Asystole
d) Atrial Fibrillation

26
Q

Temporary obstruction or vasospasm of the coronary arteries associated with chest pain occurring on exertion which then resolves at rest is known as:
o Prinzmetal Angina
o Angina Pectoris
o Atrial Flutter
o Ludwig’s Angina

501😩 is hard (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions